[Waheed]-[Afia]-[Ankle]
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School
University of Waterloo *
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471
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
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6
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AHS 150: Joints, Bones, Muscles, and Exercise Name:
Afia Waheed
Student ID:
20998928
Date:
March 3
rd
, 2024
Title of Assignment (including name of joint):
Joints, Bones, Muscles, and Exercise – Ankle [NOTE: Answers to Questions 1–5 may be written in point form, but the reflection on exercise (Question 6), must be written in essay form].
1
1.
The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint and it is a hinge synovial joint (Kapit &
Elson, 2013). -
The types of movements that occur at the joint are dorsiflexion, which is the action of lifting the foot upwards, plantarflexion which is the action of pointing the foot downwards, some degree of inversion which is tilting the sole of the foot inwards, and eversion which is tilting the sole of the foot outwards (Kapit & Elson, 2013).
2.
The bones that are part of the skeletal anatomy of an ankle are the tibia, fibula, and talus (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
o
The tibia and fibula are bones of the lower leg, while the talus sits between then and connects with the foot. -
The structures that reduce friction in the ankle joint are the articular cartilage, ligaments, and bursae (Cleveland Clinic, 2024). o
Articular Cartilage: This is a smooth tissue covering the ends of the bones. This allows for smooth movement and reduces friction between bones (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
o
Ligaments: This provides stability and support to the joint because it connects bones to each other which prevents excessive movement (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
o
Bursae: These are small fluid sacs located around the ankle joint. They act as cushions between the bones, the tendons, and the muscles which reduces friction and allows for smooth movement (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
-
The structures that provide support to the ankle are ligaments and muscles.
2
o
Ligaments: This a tough and fibrous material that connects bones to each other and provides stability to the ankle. The ankle is supported by many ligaments including the talofibular ligament (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
o
Muscles: Muscles provide support and stability during movement of the ankle. Some of the important muscles that are a part of the ankle joint are gastrocnemius,
soleus, peroneal, and tibialis anterior (Cleveland Clinic, 2024).
-
The relative locations of all the structures in the ankle are:
o
The tibia and fibula form the bones of the ankle joint while the talus sits between them. o
The articular cartilage covers the ends of the fibula, fibula, and talus bones.
o
The synovial surrounds lines joint capsule which is surrounding the ankle joint. o
Ligaments connect the tibia, fibula, and talus bones, providing stability to the joint.
o
Muscles surrounding the ankle joint attach to the bones via tendons and provide dynamic support and movement.
3.
The name of three major muscles that control movement and provide support around the joint are tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and fibularis longus. (OpenStax, n.d.)
-
The tibialis anterior originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and inserts onto the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal. The gastrocnemius originates from the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and inserts onto the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon. The fibularis longus originates from the head and proximal portion of the fibula and inserts onto the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform (OpenStax, n.d.). 3
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