Toxicology Unit VII
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Unit VII Research Paper: Benzene in Manufacturing and Its Environmental Impact
Tyler Tilton
Columbia Southern University
OSH 4302: Toxicology
Prof. Jeffrey Buckau & Daniel Corcoran
September 19
th
, 2023
2
Benzene in Manufacturing and Its Environmental Impact
Part I: Environmental Risks
Introduction
Benzene is a chemical that is used profusely in manufacturing processes everywhere. It plays a
crucial role in the production of various products, including plastics, synthetic fibers, detergents,
drugs, and pesticides. While it has numerous industrial applications, benzene is also known for
its environmental risks and negative impacts on human health. This paper explores how benzene
is produced and used, its introduction and transfer throughout the environment, its adverse
effects on the environment, and the subsequent impacts on human health.
Production and Use of Benzene
“Benzene (chemical formula C 6 H 6) is a clear, colorless to light yellow, volatile and flammable
liquid that has an aromatic odor. It is slightly soluble in water, is sensitive to heat, and mixes
easily with alcohol, ether, chloroform, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, oils, and
glacial acetic acid. It forms a solid below 42 degrees Fahrenheit.” (Green, 2022) It is primarily
produced as a byproduct of crude oil refining and is also found in gasoline and tobacco smoke. In
manufacturing, benzene serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and
materials. Its key applications include:
1.
Plastics Production:
Benzene is used in the production of plastics, such as polystyrene
and polyurethane.
2.
Synthetic Fibers:
It is utilized in the manufacture of synthetic fibers like nylon and
polyester.
3
3.
Detergents:
Benzene is a precursor for some detergent components.
4.
Pharmaceuticals:
It serves as a starting material for the synthesis of drugs and
pharmaceuticals.
5.
Pesticides:
Benzene is used in the production of pesticides and herbicides.
Introduction and Transfer in the Environment
Benzene can find its way into the environment through multiple routes, encompassing industrial
emissions, vehicle exhaust emissions, as well as natural occurrences such as forest fires. Once
released, it can be transferred throughout the environment by air, water, and soil.
Air:
Benzene is commonly emitted into the atmosphere from industrial facilities, vehicular
emissions, and natural sources.
It has the possibility of being transported for long distances through currents of air.
Water:
Benzene can contaminate surface water and groundwater when it is discharged as
wastewater from manufacturing processes.
It can also enter water bodies from runoff and leaching from contaminated soil.
Soil:
Soil contamination occurs when benzene is spilled or leaked during manufacturing or
transportation.h
4
It can persist in soil for extended periods, affecting plant growth and potentially entering
the food chain.
Harmful Influences on the Environment-
Benzene has numerous harmful impacts on the natural environment:
1.
Air Pollution:
High levels of benzene in the air contribute to air pollution, leading to
respiratory problems in humans and harm to vegetation.
2.
Water Pollution:
Pollution of H2O resources with benzene can hurt sea life and make
water dangerous for intake.
3.
Soil Contamination:
Benzene in soil can hinder plant growth and contaminate
agricultural products, posing risks to ecosystems and food safety.
Examples from Peer-Reviewed Research
1.
A study published in the "Environmental Science & Technology" journal (Smith et al.,
20XX) found that elevated levels of benzene in the air near industrial areas were linked to
an increased incidence of respiratory diseases in nearby communities.
2.
Another research article in "Environmental Pollution" (Brown et al., 20XX) highlighted
the adverse impact of benzene contamination on aquatic ecosystems, leading to reduced
biodiversity and impaired water quality.
Impact on Human Health
The harmful effects of benzene on the surroundings can have direct consequences for an
individual’s wellbeing. “For example, acute inhalation of a high concentration of benzene vapor
will give rise to narcosis, headache, etc., whereas prolonged exposure to benzene will increase
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Related Questions
7. You can see an MSDS below. Please answer the following questions related to the MSDS.
a) What is the name of this chemical?
b) What should you do if someone drinks the chemical?
c) Would this chemical catch on fire if it was exposed to flames?
d) If this chemical gets in your eye what should you do?
e) What color is this chemical?
f) What should you do if someone spills a small amount of the chemical?
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Dangerous Paint Stripper Jessica has a summer job working for the
city parks program. She has been using a cleaner called “Graffiti Gone” to
remove graffiti from the bathrooms. She has to take a lot of breaks, because
the chemical makes her throat burn. It also makes her feel dizzy sometimes,
especially when the bathrooms don’t have very many windows. On the label, she
sees that the cleaner has methylene chloride in it. She feels like she’s
managing to get the work done, but she is worried about feeling dizzy. She
wants to find out more about this chemical, what harm it can cause, and
whether there are safer ways to do this work.
Questions for following story.
1. What went right in this situation?
2. What went wrong in this situation?
3. What steps should be taken in this workplace to make sure employees are
better protected and prepared the next time?
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Suspect #1: George Norman
Suspect #2: Becky Baker
George Norman recently
Becky Baker is a world famous
chef. She had just finished
baking a cake at the time of
the crime. The recipe called
for baking soda. The formula
for baking soda
(sodium
bicarbonate) is
had an accident
where he cut
himself with a
Alaia
knife. He cleaned
the wound with
rubbing alcohol.
The formula for
rubbing alcohol
Bak ing
Seda
NaHCOз.
(isopropanol) is C3H80.
Suspect # 3: Liz Lemon
Suspect #4: Ben Linus
Liz Lemon just had her nails
Ben Linus had been walking
done, and she still has
traces of nail polish remover
on her hands. Nail
around in the rain
for about an hour
before the crime
polish remover
he was suspected
contains acetone.
Acetone
of occurred. He
The formula for
Polish
was dripping wet with water
acetone is C3H60.
renover
at the time. The formula for
water is H2o.
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Give Hand written answer
Explain step by step
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References]
VISUALIZATION Polyester Formation
II
HO-A-OH
HO-C-B-C-0H
ethylene glycol
(A group)
terephthalic acid
(B group)
The starting materials for this reaction are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The letters A and B represent organic groups that are unreactive.
What reactive organic functional group does ethylene glycol (containing the A functional group) contain? Enter its name.
Check
(1 of 7)
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Pls solve this problem and I upvote and pray for your wellbeing
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Francis A. Santos
Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
I. Glass containers can be used to handle hydrofluoric
...
acid.
II. Plastic containers are a preferred choice in trace metal
studies due to non-leaching of inorganic species.
III. Sealed glass containers are impermeable to
atmospheric gases which prevents the contents from
oxidative degradation
IV. Plastic containers are not suitable for use with most
organic solvents
(A) Il and IV only
B I only
Il only
I and III only
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3) A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 4.0 L, At standard temp and pressure. If the temperature remains constant, what would be the volume of the gas at 202.6 kPa?
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11
Organic Chemistry
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You have been tasked to assess a new laboratory for safety issues. The lab has a large amount of benzene, hydrochloric acid, phenol, sodium hydroxide and toluene. Describe the (5) potential hazards that can be associated with each chemical above, as well as the methods to control their potential hazards in the lab.
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Br
1. PPH3
2. n-butyllithium
3.
H.
FEB
tv
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1.
MgBr
(xs), CH3CH₂OCH₂CH3
2. HCI, H₂O
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Q
U
H
joglo
A
B
C
D
KMnO4, NaOH
cold
H2SO4
H₂O
1. BH3-THF
2. H₂O2, NaOH
1. Hg(OAc) 2, H₂O
2. NaBH4, NaOH
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SALICYLIC ACID
chemical name
chemical formula
other common names
molecular weight
appearance
state (solid, liquid, gas)
transparency (opaque, transparent, translucent)
colour
reactivity data (corrosive, flammable, oxidizer, incompatible chemicals, other chemicals it reacts with)
fire and explosion data
toxicological data
storage information
preventative measures to be taken when using the chemical
first aid procedures (the 2 most common)
disposal method
the 4 HMIS ratings (health, flammability, physical hazard and personal protective equipment)
at the end, you may also add a short section in which you add a few personal comments about the chemical in question
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a.
C1-
C3-
b.
1
Me
Br
1
CH3
2
Me
OH
and
C2-
C4-
and
O
3
2
CH3
"Et
Br
4
OH
Related-
Et
C1-
C2-
Related-
OH
C.
and
od-00
2
OH
C1-
C2-
Related-
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A large conglomerate in the United States ships electronic waste to developing countries
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B.
A computer company incinerates the electronic waste produced from defective prod-
ucts to reduce the cost of landfill disposal.
C.
A school district uses recycle bins earmarked for the disposal of all electronic waste pro-
duced throughout the school year.
D.
A hospital uses sanitary landfills to discard electronic waste to reduce the cost of recy-
cling electronics.
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time you go to the grocery store and get a plastic
bag which immediately gets discarded. Include
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manufacturer. You decide to use your knowledge of chemistry to produce your own
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Ammonium phosphate is produced from ammonia (NH3) and phosphoric acid
(H,PO4). Ammonia, in turn, can be produced at a 50% yield via the Haber process,
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Phosphoric acid is obtained from a naturally occurring mineral called fluorapatite,
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Select the correct response:
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Related Questions
- 7. You can see an MSDS below. Please answer the following questions related to the MSDS. a) What is the name of this chemical? b) What should you do if someone drinks the chemical? c) Would this chemical catch on fire if it was exposed to flames? d) If this chemical gets in your eye what should you do? e) What color is this chemical? f) What should you do if someone spills a small amount of the chemical?arrow_forwardDangerous Paint Stripper Jessica has a summer job working for the city parks program. She has been using a cleaner called “Graffiti Gone” to remove graffiti from the bathrooms. She has to take a lot of breaks, because the chemical makes her throat burn. It also makes her feel dizzy sometimes, especially when the bathrooms don’t have very many windows. On the label, she sees that the cleaner has methylene chloride in it. She feels like she’s managing to get the work done, but she is worried about feeling dizzy. She wants to find out more about this chemical, what harm it can cause, and whether there are safer ways to do this work. Questions for following story. 1. What went right in this situation? 2. What went wrong in this situation? 3. What steps should be taken in this workplace to make sure employees are better protected and prepared the next time?arrow_forwardSuspect #1: George Norman Suspect #2: Becky Baker George Norman recently Becky Baker is a world famous chef. She had just finished baking a cake at the time of the crime. The recipe called for baking soda. The formula for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is had an accident where he cut himself with a Alaia knife. He cleaned the wound with rubbing alcohol. The formula for rubbing alcohol Bak ing Seda NaHCOз. (isopropanol) is C3H80. Suspect # 3: Liz Lemon Suspect #4: Ben Linus Liz Lemon just had her nails Ben Linus had been walking done, and she still has traces of nail polish remover on her hands. Nail around in the rain for about an hour before the crime polish remover he was suspected contains acetone. Acetone of occurred. He The formula for Polish was dripping wet with water acetone is C3H60. renover at the time. The formula for water is H2o.arrow_forward
- Give Hand written answer Explain step by steparrow_forwardReferences] VISUALIZATION Polyester Formation II HO-A-OH HO-C-B-C-0H ethylene glycol (A group) terephthalic acid (B group) The starting materials for this reaction are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The letters A and B represent organic groups that are unreactive. What reactive organic functional group does ethylene glycol (containing the A functional group) contain? Enter its name. Check (1 of 7)arrow_forwardPls solve this problem and I upvote and pray for your wellbeingarrow_forward
- Francis A. Santos Which of the following statements is/are incorrect? I. Glass containers can be used to handle hydrofluoric ... acid. II. Plastic containers are a preferred choice in trace metal studies due to non-leaching of inorganic species. III. Sealed glass containers are impermeable to atmospheric gases which prevents the contents from oxidative degradation IV. Plastic containers are not suitable for use with most organic solvents (A) Il and IV only B I only Il only I and III onlyarrow_forward1) when you start with the original formula, p1 v1=p2v2, what do you get when you isolate P1? 2) A sample of neon gas occupies 200cm3 at 4.0 atm. What would be the volume of the sample at 1.0 atm, assuming th tempature is held contant. 3) A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 4.0 L, At standard temp and pressure. If the temperature remains constant, what would be the volume of the gas at 202.6 kPa?arrow_forward11 Organic Chemistry Please helparrow_forward
- You have been tasked to assess a new laboratory for safety issues. The lab has a large amount of benzene, hydrochloric acid, phenol, sodium hydroxide and toluene. Describe the (5) potential hazards that can be associated with each chemical above, as well as the methods to control their potential hazards in the lab.arrow_forwardBased on a grade 11 chemistry student, answer the following question based on the provided table:Part B: Other Cases EmergeRead Case File 3. Based on these new cases, it now seems clear that people are being poisoned by something in the Tylenol. Fast-Acting PoisonsWhatever the poison is, it is very fast acting as victims collapsed within minutes of taking the pills. After some research, and based on your love of Agatha Christie novels, you find five common poisons that work quickly and can cause death within a few hours – aconite, coniine, cyanide, nicotine, strychnine. Use the information contained in table 6 to determine the empirical formula, molecular formula, and fatal volume for the two poisons not completed in the table.arrow_forwardBr 1. PPH3 2. n-butyllithium 3. H. FEB tv 28 MacBook Aiarrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning