Final exam 20 Ling 500

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School

Central Connecticut State University *

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Course

400

Subject

Linguistics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

5

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Ling 400/500; Fall 2020____ PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. 1. Define the term ‘grammar’. (6pts) Going back to the beginning of the class and book chapter grammar can be constituted as knowledge linguistically that represents ones knowledge of that language and it’s components within the language. Components such as the morphology, lexicon, syntax phonology, semantics and phonetics. 2. Match the term and its definition by writing the letter in the space provided at the end of the option. (2 pts each; 20 pts total) a. structural ambiguity 1. Semantic requirement imposed by a predicate on one or more of its argument. ___G____ b. word order variation 2. Information that indicates how heads and complements are organized inside a phrase. ____B____ c. Theta-Criterion 3. Information that refers to the mutation of words in a sentence. ____I___ d. small clause 4. A requirement that the complement of a lexical category be of a particular syntactic category. __F____ e. non-finite 5. A string of words that forms a syntactic unit. J f. c-selection 6. A principle that maps referential arguments with theta-roles as designated by the predicate. ____C_____ g. s-selection 7. A clause that projects only the argument structure of a predicate with no tense information. ___D________ h. complementizer 8. A specification that indicates the clause contains infinitive tense information. ___E___ i. head-final 9. The context which allows for two distinct structural representations of a string of words, and each of such representation is associated with a separate meaning._____A___ j. constituent 10. A function word used to introduce a subordinate clause. ___H____
Complementizer: inflectional phrase with subordinate conjunctions. 3. Complete the following sentence (6 pts): The ‘Phrase Structure Rules’ component of a grammar are guidelines that ________________________________________________________________________ are essential for the use to describe a given language. Key because stored in brain to create sentences taking on the form os S-NP+VP. 4. Pick a Phrase Structure Rule and draw the tree diagram (= syntactic tree) consistent with it. (6 pts): Samantha went up the hill 5. What is the source of ungrammaticality of the following sentences below? Explain how the violation occurs. (12 pts total) Word bank: c-selection; s-selection; theta-criterion, etc. . A. *John annoyed his car. ____Theta Criterion _________ B. *John married that he is handsome. Strcutural Ambiguity__ C. *John kicked the wall the car. ____Theta Criterion___________
D. * John murdered. ___C-selection _____ E. Turkish: *John kitap içti. John book drank *‘John drank the book’. ___Theta Criterion___ 6. Give an example for each of the following expressions: (16 pts total) (a) a finite (tensed) and non-interrogative subordinate clause ( [+FIN;-WH] ) Maria and Juan walked All finite verbs must agree with their subject-number like example above. (b) a nonfinite and interrogative subordinate clause ( [-FIN; +WH] ) My coworker always asks Where have you been Example above uses a main clause with interrogative Wh question restating pronoun. (c) a finite and interrogative subordinate clause ( [+ FIN; +WH] ) Is it snowing? (main or present) We didn’ t get any ice cream because we didn’ t have enough time. (Main past and the subordinate past). (d) a small clause The teacher believes (she is smart) 7. Consider the following English sentence. (8 pts total) The surgeon treated the cat with tweezers. a. Is it ambiguous? YES /NO b. If it is ambiguous, give a paraphrase for each of its meanings. The surgeon treated the cat with tweezers Tweezers: the surgeon performed-treated Treated: the surgeon behaved or dealt with a certain way towards the cat
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