MTL
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School
Toronto Metropolitan University *
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Course
200
Subject
Material Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
12
Uploaded by ProfessorReindeer5111 on coursehero.com
Course Number
MTL200
Course Title
Materials Science Fundamentals
Semester/Year
Winter 2024
Instructor
Dr. Hasan Mohammed Hasibul TA name
Georgia Jovanovic
Lab/ Tutorial Report No.
1
Report Title LEAD - TIN PHASE DIAGRAM
Section No.
11
Lab Experiment No.
4
Submission Date
February 9, 2024
Due Date
February 9, 2024
Student Name Student No.
Signature
Natalia Paz
501231542
Kyril Couture 501244998
Christina Vanniasinghe
501255973
Alanna Paniccia
501181913
Sanjayan Visagendran
501227296
SV
ABSTRACT
Tin and lead alloys are very important alloys that contain 98 percent tin and are used in solder .
Soldering is a way used for joining metal parts to form a mechanical or electrical bond. The strength of the tin and lead alloys increase with higher tin content, but the melting point is lowered. This information
is very important for this lab because the goal of this lab is to find the percent of tin of the unknown alloy.
The way to find this unknown alloy is to find how different alloys with different percent of tin react to temperature and this will help find the relation between temperature and amount of tin. Each alloy will be represented by a cooling curve and it will help us visualize the difference between each alloy. This alloy is very important because it helps engineering bind wires and different materials together. The high strength and low melting point alloys this material very unique it creates a strong metallic surface that can
be shaped as whatever is desired. This experiment takes 1 to 1 hr and 30 min and requires a lot of precision . INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to investigate binary alloys, specifically lead
(Pb) and tin (Sn), using phase diagrams and cooling curves. The key goals include understanding
the behavior of Pb-Sn alloys, outlining parts of the phase diagram, and plotting cooling curves to
identify solidification patterns. By studying the solidification process, the aim of the lab is to
demonstrate material properties that are important for many applications in materials science.
Applications include, but are not limited to, determining mechanical strength, corrosion
resistance of alloys, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the composition of the alloy
containing an undefined percentage of tin will be determined. The composition of the alloy can
be deduced through temperature monitoring and analysis, which improves understanding of
binary alloy behavior and allows for practical alloy composition assessments.
APPARATUS/ EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
First our group split up and everyone was responsible for each component. Each component has
tin but they all vary in the amount of tin one of the components had an unknown percentage of
tin and lead . The objective was to find out what this missing component percent was. The way
to find the unknown percentage was by seeing how each component deals with temperature. All
five temperatures started at different temperatures. Each component is connected to a furnace.
Our job was to turn off the furnace which caused the temperature to slowly go down. We noted
down each temperature every 30 seconds until the sample comes to a temperature of 150
o
C . This
experiment ranged in time some components took an 1hr and some took more than an 1hr 30
minutes.
Materials
Furnace Temperature reader
laptop/notepad Pb-Sn alloys
RESULTS, CALCULATIONS
Figure 1. Temperature vs Time cooling curve for 80% Sn
Figure 2. Temperature vs Time cooling curve for 60% Sn
Figure 3. Temperature vs Time cooling curve for 20% Sn
Figure 4. Temperature vs Time cooling curve for 40% Sn
Figure 5. Temperature vs Time cooling curve for X% Sn
Figure 6. Phase Diagram The graphs above display the compositions of lead-tin alloys, specifically at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% tin content, as well as an unidentified amount of tin. These compositions are plotted against the phase diagram of lead-tin alloys, illustrating the phases present at different temperature conditions. Each graph contains two green highlighted points that represent the beginning and end of the solidification process. The phase diagram shown in Figure 6 outlines the boundaries between the solid phases, such as alpha, beta, and liquid phases, as well as any
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