Week 6 Discussion 2 The Future of Victimology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Week 6 Discussion 2 The Future of Victimology The collection of data, victim programs, and the response of the criminal justice system are the three developments I anticipate in the area of victimology during the next 50 years. As new laws and initiatives are developed, some of them are effective while others are not. One of the few governmental organizations in the world, the Office of Victims of Crime in the United States produces publications, provides financing for research, and organizes conferences in victimology and victim support. The fact that there are so many distinct victim care programs across the nation (approximately 20,000 individual programs for victims of sexual assault, child abuse, elder abuse, domestic violence, etc.) is arguably one of the most striking features of the USA's position in victim services. The USA produced the two follow-up documents to the 1985 Declaration mentioned above: The Handbook on Justice for Victims and the Guide for Policy Makers, both published in 1999 by the UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. In response to the UN Declaration for Victims, the USA established a special partnership with the United Nations. According to Ezzat Fattah, research has fallen behind political activity to uphold victims' rights and better their situation. Despite the fact that it seems obvious, individualized care, individualized assistance, and personalized treatment or counseling require a profound knowledge of the varied impacts of victimization and the varied needs of crime victims, he claims: "One has to wonder why it is that research on the effects of victimization and on the impact of victim assistance is hard to come by” (Fattah, 2000). Yet it appears clear that providing personalized care, individualized support, and individualized therapy or counseling calls for a thorough understanding of the varied effects of victimization and the various needs of crime victims. Because the additional knowledge acquired from repeating these surveys, especially at frequent intervals, won't be enough to justify the rising expenses, traditional, quantitative victimization surveys will likely lose a lot of their appeal. It will be claimed that the significant sums spent on these should be better used to support victim aid programs with inadequate funding or to fund urgently needed qualitative research. Future crime control strategies will be heavily reliant on risk assessment, management, coverage, reduction, and prevention. Physical, material, and psychic harm measurements will probably take center stage in how society reacts to crime. Such a response's main goals will be redress, restitution, and recompense. These are all perfectly compatible with the restorative justice model. Victims of crime have been used by "law and order" types to pursue severe tactics throughout the past 20 years; they have also been denigrated by others as being bloodthirsty, vengeful, and vindictive. This is a caricature that does little credit to the real persons involved when crime victims are used and dismissed in this way. While some crime victims may suffer to the point that they want retaliation, this cannot always be true of the majority, whose main concerns are recovery, healing, restitution, and prevention. Therefore, it is simple to see the implementation of the restorative justice paradigm as the way of the future if the main goals of social intervention are to restore peace, make good on harm, heal injury, and avoid repeat of the crime.

The profession of victim assistance has undergone an exceptional development during the past 20 years. The growth of services for crime victims in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other nations has been nothing short of amazing. Where there were none 20 years prior, Davis and Henley estimated that there were over 5000 programs in the US in 1990. The majority of help programs, especially those run by police agencies, direct victims to already- existing resources in the neighborhood according on their requirements. Some victims of specific types of crimes—such as sexual assault, child victims, victims of family violence, etc.—receive special support. There are several locations where rape crisis centers and abused women's shelters are now in operation. Information and moral support are, overall, the two most crucial services offered by victims help organizations. According to victimization surveys, victims have a disproportionate number of these traits in common; they really resemble one another quite a bit. Researchers have also shown that assault victims and perpetrators have similar reactions to circumstances when they sense a physical or psychological threat. The likelihood that certain people may use or experience violence depends on how frequently they are involved in circumstances that are violent. Quite often, random factors—rather than conscious action, planning, or intent— determine who will be the victim and who will be held accountable in court. As a result, the victim and perpetrator roles are usually complementing and interchangeable rather than being inherently hostile. The Navajo Nation has implemented two of the most important laws and legislation to help crime victims on the Navajo Reservation. First, the FIRST Amber Alert on the Navajo Nation. Yes, there is one nationally but never on any Indian Reservation. It is known as Ashlynne Mike AMBER Alert in Indian Country Act. It was implemented after the death of 11 year old Ashlynne Mike. Pamela Foster’s children Ian Mike, 9, and daughter Ashlynne Mike, 11, failed to return home from school on the afternoon of May 2, 2016. Instead, a predator deceived them into stepping into his vehicle as they exited the school bus near Shiprock, New Mexico, on the Navajo Reservation. A few hours later, onlookers saw Ian walking the desert by himself. The next day, police discovered Ashlynne's body. She had endured many tire iron blows, strangulation, and sexual abuse. Although Ashlynne and Ian's parents made frantic attempts to locate them, misconceptions and legal impediments on the reservation delayed the issuance of an AMBER Alert until the next day, costing search team’s valuable time. According to Ms. Foster, "I made a promise to [Ashlynne] that I would do my part to close the loophole that exists in the system." "I would fight to have an AMBER Alert for Indian country." The Ashlynne Mike AMBER Alert in Indian Country Act was approved by Congress nearly two years after Ashlynne's passing. The bill makes it possible for tribes to access state AMBER Alert programs and improves the training and technical help they may get. This enables tribes to incorporate their AMBER programs with regional or state-level policies. In the event that an AMBER Alert is required, this guarantees the greatest potential reach. "Ashlynne is still working for us even if she is no longer physically present here. Her work will continue long after I am gone, Ms. Foster remarked at the conference. "We have moved mountains because of the love we have for our little girl, and I'm glad her legacy will be remembered."

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