3-Fluorenone Lab Report

In this Chemistry Lab the main objective is to perform accurate chemical analysis for the quantity of elements and compounds in a sample. There will be a compound made then synthesized. The methods used were acid-base titrations, redox titrations, gravity filtration, and distillation. General conclusions included

Introduction The purpose of this lab was to introduce chemical development as a way to develop latent fingerprints and to demonstrate two of these methods: cyanoacrylate fuming and iodine fuming. These two methods are regularly used to develop latent fingerprints. Cyanoacrylate (or superglue) fuming was discovered as a way to develop prints in the late 1970s. The fumes of heated cyanoacrylate react with the bodily fluids of a fingerprint.

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

In order to isolate benzoic acid, benzocaine and 9-fluorenone, each component needed to be separated from one another. All three compounds began together in one culture tube, dissolved in methylene chloride and formed into a homogenous mixture. In this culture tube, two milliliters of aqueous three molar hydrochloric acid was added, which immediately formed two layers, the top acidic aqueous layer was clear in color and contained benzocaine, and the bottom organic formed was yellow and contained benzoic acid and 9-fluorenone. Benzocaine’s amino group is protonated by the aqueous layer hydronium. This protonation forms the conjugate acid of benzocaine, benzocaine hydrochloride. Thus, the conjugate acid, benzocaine hydrochloride is a salt in which is soluble in water and furthermore can be isolated from the organic mixture. When testing out the pH levels in benzocaine, the pH test strip was dark blue in color, indicating a pH level of around 5 to 7. When isolating benzoic acid, two milliliters of aqueous three molar sodium hydroxide was added, which deprotonates the carboxylic group in benzoic acid, forming its conjugate base, sodium benzoate. As with benzocaine hydrochloride, sodium benzoate is a water soluble ionic salt in the aqueous layer that can then be separated from the bottom organic layer containing the 9-fluorenone. The pH test strip was a vibrant red for benzoic acid, indicating a pH of 2. Now the 9-fluorenone is left, deionized water is added to remove any excess

In this experiment, the reduction of a ketone to an alcohol using sodium borohydride was demonstrated. When the solution turned from yellow to colorless, sulfuric acid was added and the solution was set under reflux to allow for the complete dissolution of the solids. After cooling, the product was then isolated using vacuum filtration before mixed solvent recrystallization was used on it. An infrared (IR) spectra was obtained for the product along with the melting point and weight. The weight was further used to calculate the percent yield.

(Q3:Purification) Product was purified via crystallization and using ice-cold water ensured product remain intact while impurities were washed into the filtrated liquid. The results gathered were measured against already scientifically established melting points of the product, the standard solutions provided, and retention factor (Rf) values to conclude the unknown nucleophile used in the beginning was 4-methoxyphenyl.

The first TLC plate showed that the fractions collected during the experiment that appeared to be the purest were fractions 4 and 6. These two fractions and fractions number 5 were combined for the final product. The Rf values for the standard carvone, fraction 4, and fraction 6 were all 0.32 indicating that these compounds were

This had the ability to show us some very basic and initial characteristics about the compound. To do this, 5 g of the unknown was added to a 50 mL beaker of water to test its solubility. The compound solubility was then observed after being stirred with a stirring rod. An anion test was then performed so that we were able to now identify the compounds chemical properties. To test for an ammonia ion, 1 mL NaO was added to our substance.

To prevent the escape of organic vapors, the reaction mixture is cooled with an ice bath before removing the condenser. The next technique used in this experiment was simple distillation. This is a physical separation of the components of the mixture. This technique is accomplished once the drip rate of the product into the collection vessel diminishes considerably. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR is used to identify the product or products for each reaction. 13C NMR is used to observe the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule. Analysis of this spectrum allows certain stretches to be observed. An IR spectrum has energy measured as frequency recorded on a horizontal axis and intensity of the absorption on the vertical axis. Analysis of the IR allows us to differentiate between certain characteristics and functional groups in organic chemistry.

In this study, the unknown compound (No. 55) was obtained, and its identity was determined using three methods: the solubility testing, the melting point analysis, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method.

Fluorescein dye has been used for a very long time and it serves many purposes within the lab and in everyday life. As a product fluorescein appears to be a brownish-orange powder solid that appears to be bright, neon green under a UV lamp. Fluorescein, Yellow No.7 dye, is used as a color addictive to food, medications, and beauty products.2 It is also used as a fluorescent tag for labeling antibodies that will be targeting specific areas of a cell1 or identify and locate life threating thrombotic emboli.4 Green Chemistry is being used in order to prevent the creation of waste products. Creating less waste will have a positive effect on the environment.

The first successful isolation of fluorine was achieved by a French chemist named Henri Moissan. He was born on September 28, 1852 and his accomplishments remain extraordinary to this day.

If PTC cells harboring mutations are found to be more mesenchymal than PTC cells containing mutations by having less E-cadherin and more N-cadherin, then these results would suggest that FLRT3 drives papillary thyroid cancer progression as shown through increased EMT. However, if differentiation of cadherin expression is observed for FTC cells harboring mutations in the presence or absence of FLRT3, then the results would indicate that FLRT3 does not progress PTC specifically. In the resistance to apoptosis experiments, if the absence of FLRT3 in indicated PTC mutant cell lines increases apoptosis when treated with apoptotic inducing agents, then the data would suggest that the PTC mutant cells are less resistant to apoptosis in the

When surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the lung increases, such as during acute lung injuries, lungs can be filled with artificial oxygen-carrying fluids instead of air in order to reduce surface tension and facilitate ventilation. Also known as liquid ventilation (LV), LV is a form of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an artificial oxygen carrier(s), such as oxygen-rich liquids, like perfluorocarbon and perflubrons, rather oxygen-rich gas mixtures (1). The perfluorocarbon liquids used to support pulmonary gas exchange is a type of synthetic liquid fluorinated hydrocarbons, or hydrocarbons with hydrogens replaced with fluorine atoms instead. Similar to perfluorocarbons, perflubrons are perfluorocarbon

By Using specific methods of compounds detection, we can match an unknown compound with a known compound because similar compounds will display similar characteristics. In this experiment, identifications of the unknown ketone was accomplished using thin layer chromatography, melting point, and NMR spectrometry. Thin layer chromatography is very quick but sensitive way of determining the components of a mixture or a specific compound from a list of knowns. This method is the one which was utilized in the