Admiral Grace Hopper's Biography

Mary settled working in NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) in 1951. She worked and was the member of the west area computing unit, were at the time was called the “human computer”. She was supervised by Dorothy Vaughan who was also a comprising African American female mathematician. Both women provided data that was important for the early success of the space

Mercy Otis Warren was born on September 14, 1728. She was born to Cape Cod family. She wrote American poets, but she is dramatist, historian, and the first American woman to write things primarily for the public but not herself. She married a merchant and farmer, has five children. She wrote ‘Observations on the New Constitution.’

Margaret Floy Washburn was born on July 25, 1871 in New York City to parents Reverend Francis and Elizabeth Floy Washburn. She was born in a time when women were not allowed to display any type of power, higher reasoning, or desire for higher education. At the age of seven, she began her educational journey in the home of a retired Presbyterian minister who lived next door to her family. In 1886, she graduated from high school at the young age of 15 years old. Upon completion of high school, she attended Vassar College where she studied Chemistry and French. However, by the time she had graduated her educational interests had changed to philosophy and science, which

chair of the Division of Mathematics and Business Education. When she retired from the public

She took both offers but left New York and moved to Los Angeles to teach longer in California State. She also taught in a University in Nashville, Tennessee as Professor as well. She was the Professor in California State and was married again in 1970 to Edward V. Granville. She taught for thirty years and retired in 1984. After her years of teaching, that didn’t stop her from doing what she loved to do. She joined the University of Texas in Tyler as professor and was over the Mathematics department. She also created programs for the Elementary schools called Math Enrichment. She co-wrote the textbook and participated in the Miller Mathematics Improvements. She went back to New York and worked as Research Assistance part-time for one year. She also created the computer software for NASA’s Project Vanguard and project Mercury Space programs. Her interest in Astronomy still occurs to what she still have plans for encouraging students to receive an education. She was honored by the National Academy of Service in 1999. Evelyn was also rewarded honorary degree by Smith College and Lincoln University. They honored her works for the students that she have taught in her years of teaching. She admired her Math teachers in high school, whom helped her get where she is today. She is still living and have programs that can help students learn as well. As she progressed over the years,

Annie Easley was born April 23, 1933 in Birmingham, Alabama. Born to Mary Melvina Hoover and Samuel “Bird” Johnson. Annie and her older brother were raised by their single mother in Birmingham. Starting from 5th grade all the way through 12th, Annie attended parochial schools. Parochial schools were schools that related only to a church theme. She attended the Holy Family High School. While in high school Annie thought that becoming a nurse or a teacher were the only jobs that were open to African American women. Since Annie didn’t intend on becoming a teacher, she intended on becoming a nurse. Towards the end of high school, Annie decided to purse becoming a pharmacist. She would end up deciding to purse pharmaceutical medicine while graduating valedictorian of her class. After graduating high school valedictorian, Annie Easley attended the Roman Catholic University where she majored in pharmaceuticals. Annie spent two years in the program. The Roman Catholic University would later be called the Xavier University of Louisiana.

Marjorie Lee Browne was a extrusive mathematician right from her childhood. Dr. Lee Browne was mostly inspired by both her parents. Though most of her math genius was acquired from her father, who himself was popular in his area as a “math wizard” and passed on his love for the subject to his daughter. Thus, in 1949, she became the third African-American women who graduated with a Ph.D in her field becoming a pioneer for African American women in mathematics.

In 1932 Carson also received her MA in zoology from John Hopkins University. Even after her own studies Rachel taught at the University of Maryland for 5 years before joining the U.S. fish and wildlife

In a world that is currently dominated by computers, it’s hard to imagine what it was like before they were invented. Though computers only began having a major influence in the last 60 years, the idea for them was first conceived almost 200 years ago. This technology would not have been possible without the work of Ada Lovelace, who is considered one of the pioneers in the field of computer programming. She had a vision of the possible benefits and capabilities of a computing machine. Even though she would never see her vision become a reality, her legacy and work had a lasting impact on the future of technology. However, during her lifetime she experienced multiple setbacks in pursuing her education

Lisa meitner was born 7 November 1878 she is a resident of Austria Germany Sweden and United Kingdom. At the age of eight years old she started to keep records of math and science. Lisa went to Austrian Swedish, she worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. She was the second woman to obtain a doctoral degree. When she was in the University she took everything seriously. Lisa's partner was Otto Hahn they let a small group. They discovered nuclear fission of uranium. The nuclear weapons created in the US during World War II. They use nuclear weapons against Japan. Most of her scientific career was in Berlin.

Many individuals have altered the way modern day programmers look at computers. Grace Hopper was a military leader, a mathematician, and a computer programmer. Like many other computer programmers, Hopper's work was not given the credit it deserved until the later years of her life.

The next woman to be discussed is Grace Chisholm Young. She was a mathematician from England and received her education at Girton College in Cambridge, England. She then continued her

She was fascinated by her husband’s career.She assisted him and his astronomical research both at Mount Wilson and at the Harvard Observatory.She was a Writer and produced many informational articles.Her work consisted mostly of information on eclipsing stars and other astronomical objects because she was interested in her husband's work ,she loved writing about it.They made a family of seven.They had a total of four sons and one daughter.One of which followed in his father’s footsteps in liking to learn,and became a mathematician whose name is widely known as Lloyd Sharpley because who won a Nobel Prize in Economics in 2012. Harlow and his son’s lives were shattered with Martha’s death in 1981.

Necessity is the mother of invention as Margaret Hamilton is the mother of modern software engineering. Initially hired as a programmer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to put her husband through college, Hamilton soon became the Director of Software when her department was contracted by NASA for the Apollo Mission. From there, she paved the way not only for mankind’s first steps on the moon, but for women everywhere because of her tremendous success in a traditionally male-dominated field. Arguably one of the most influential women in science, Margaret Hamilton will always be remembered for her accomplishments, her legacy, and her impact on women in STEM.

In 1959, a programming language was developed by CODASYL(Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages), in an effort to create a standard for data processing to use across all computers. It was heavily influenced by the work of Grace Hopper, an advocate of machine-independent programming languages. Its name was COBOL and it stood for Common Business-Oriented Language, the sole language for business applications. Nowadays, some of the compilers available for COBOL are IBM COBOL, GnuCOBOL, NetCOBOL, VisualCOBOL, and MCP. Also, some of the IDEs available for COBOL are Eclipse, CANDE, OCIDE, and HackEdit. CODASYL was looking to create a common business language to use across all industries, with support from the US Department of Defense, who was also interested in obtaining such a language. The only mainstream language at the time of COBOL’s conception was FORTRAN, which