Introduction
Chester Inc. is a client of SNHU, LLC who prepares the financial statements and financial analysis for Chester Inc. This report will detail several key items including the accounting effects of international expansion as it relates to differences between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), the United States standards, and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the standards that would govern a portion of the financial reporting with an international expansion. This report will also review the financial performance of Chester Inc. Additionally; it will use ratio analysis to compare Chester Inc. with two of its main competitors.
Changes for IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards, in many ways, are similar to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) however, a few key differences do exist. One of the differences to be most aware of would be necessary changes. “Many companies will need to make significant changes to existing accounting policies to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), including such key areas as revenue recognition, inventory accounting, financial instruments and hedging, employee benefits plans, impairment testing, provisions, and stocked-based compensation.” ("PWC", 2014) Of these listed areas of particular concern for Chester Inc. will be revenue recognition, inventory, and financial statements. Changes in these areas are not just structural or largely cosmetic in nature,
This report is designed to provide an evaluation of the financial fitness of Chester, Inc. through the creation and analysis of a full set of financial statements. Methods that will be used to analyze the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows include: horizontal and vertical analysis, ratio analysis and comparison to competitors and the industry. All calculations used to create the financial statements and analyze them can be found in the appendix of this document. A list of differences between the presentation of these financials and International Financial Reporting Standards will also be included at the request of management. Results of this analysis shows that Chester, Inc. is performance is under industry averages in several areas, particularly in liquidity and profitability.
UK’s IFRSs are designed to make it easier to compare the performance of organizations in different countries, rather than each country maintaining its own GAAP, which makes such comparisons difficult. All listed EU companies have been required to use IFRSs since 2005. The adoption of IFRSs by the private sector is expected to have various benefits for both companies and investors; including (1) UK’s IFRSs will remove the need for companies with foreign subsidiaries to translate the accounts for consolidation with the parent company accounts. Also (2) it will be easier for investors to make informed decisions about the performance of companies in different countries because of the increased transparency and a better understanding of financial statements.
This research project will inform the reader of the difference between the United States accounting standards and International accounting standards. The United States uses the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to issue financial reporting procedures. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). There are proposals for the United States to adopt the International standards. Financial reporting procedures are debated about the United States using the Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures (GAAP) or following the global procedures. This
Kelly Services is a company that provides a wide range of experienced work force to temporarily staff developing companies or assist companies that are experiencing low manning. Kelly Services’ employees are experienced and well educated. We have a wide range of experienced engineers, mechanics, pharmacists, and very motivated labor workers. We believe that Germany would be the best country to focus our attention on because of the skill we have to offer. Germany is responsible for $1.5 trillion worth the exports globally. The $1.5 trillion includes vehicles, machines (engines and pumps), electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, plastics, aircraft, aircraft parts, oil, iron, steel, and organic chemicals. (Workman, 2015) Because of Germany’s wide range of exports globally, there are always companies being built to keep up with the demand. Germany’s scientists are also working hard to invent new machines to replace labor workers in order to cut down on the costs for running their industries.
When the client had shown interest in the $35,000 worth of products, the original transaction would have been a debit to revenues and a credit to accounts payable. To adjust this transaction, since the client has not made a commitment, revenues would decrease the $35,000 as well as accounts payable being decreased $35,000. For the income statement adjustment, the revenues would be $35,000 less, resulting in $370,500 in revenues instead of the $406,000.
J.C. Penney’s financials display fallen revenue of nearly twenty-seven percent since 2012, with its lowest revenue reported in 2014. The company has also reported a net loss since 2012, including losses of over 1.27 billion dollars in 2014. Moreover, J.C. Penney’s earnings per-share has been negative, which indicates how much money the company lost per share of outstanding stock. Additionally, from 2012 to 2016, J.C. Penney’s book value per-share has decreased by seventy-three percent. This indicates that investors’ evaluation on the price of the company’s common stock has become more pessimistic. More importantly, J.C. Penney has not paid dividends since 2013. Eliminating paying dividends to shareholders is a clear indication that the
Schwartz and Sons LLC is a painting company that is located in Ham Lake, Minnesota. Their services include fire, water, and storm restoration, drywall repair, drywall installation, drywall taping, drywall texturing, green / low VOC coatings, and more. Schwartz and Sons continues to meet the demands of all budget-conscious homeowners who are looking to improve their homes at a price they can afford.
There are several differences between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The IFRS is considered more of a "principles based" accounting standard in contrast to U.S. GAAP which is considered more "rules based." By being more "principles based", IFRS, arguably, represents and captures the economics of a transaction better than U.S. GAAP. As a team me collaborated to answer the following seven questions.
There are vast and numerous differences between US GAAP and IFRS. The biggest conceptual difference between US GAAP and IFRS is that US GAAP is rule based while IFRS is principle based. Because of this, there are numerous accounting topics that are handled differently between US GAAP and IFRS. It is argued that IFRS fits the actual economics of business transactions more than US GAAP, as IFRS looks more at the substance of transactions. US GAAP, on the other hand, is more concerned with having exact rules to deal with accounting situations. Both the United States and the over 110 countries that use IFRS are working towards a global accounting standard; however, due to the cost and complexity of this process, convergence of US GAAP and IFRS may take years or even decades longer than expected, if indeed they are ever fully converged. Some key areas in which the two systems differ are inventory valuation, classification of leases, revenue recognition including the construction industry, the handling of intangibles including research and development, depreciation methods, and business combinations. While there are many other differences in US GAAP and IFRS, this paper is limited in scope to those listed above.
These are strike years so we will ignore them. In 1994, ROE is less than that of last three years. Overall its not good sign, but its explanation will be given in upcoming ratios.
The international accounting standards board (IASB) determines the regulations under which organizations operating internationally and adhering to international financial reporting standards (IFRS) must compile financial statements. In 2003, the IASB issued international accounting standard 2 (IAS 2) regarding valuation of inventories, which has similarities and differences to United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). IFRS adopted this standard in 2005 (Krishnan & Lin, 2012). Despite similarities, when calculating inventory values for Beech Corporation the value of inventories is distinctly different under GAAP than under IAS 2.
The US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is a set of international accounting rules which originated from the United States. US GAAP can be defined as a set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements (Elliott & Elliott, 2008). The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the other hand are accounting rules originating from the United Kingdom. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting rules designed with a common global language for business affairs so that financial accounts of companies are understandable and comparable across international boundaries (Devinney, Pedersen & Tihanyi, 2010).
Like many other major accounting changes, the introduction of IFRS has been controversial. A common complaint has been that UK GAAP are already robust enough, and that it is the European regulators who need to pull their socks up. It will also be difficult (and expensive) for companies to provide five years ' worth of restated profit-and-loss accounts and that, for a while, investors will have little choice but to compare new-style accounts with old-style ones. In many cases, there will be little material difference. Given time it is also likely, especially in industries where IFRS may introduce a degree of volatility into accounts, that finance directors will conjure up still more variations on the profit measure to strip out market-driven fluctuations and get to an 'underlying ' number (http://search.ft.com/, 2004).
There are still many differences in accounting treatment between International financial reporting standards (IFRS) and the U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). While IFRS are widely used by many countries around the world, FASB of the U.S still working on the intention of either adopt the IFRS or converge towards it. Until the convergence actually happens, there are still many critics about the accounting treatment at the same subject under U.S GAAP and IFRS. Example of this is the argument about whether U.S GAAP should allow upward revaluation of non-financial asset of IFRS which was described in details on the article “Upward Revaluation of Non-financial” in the CPA journal November 2012 by David Sardone and Tom Tyson.
International Financial reporting standards (IFRS) and General accepting accounting principles (GAAP) convergence issue began in the late 2000’s. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of standards stating how particular types of transactions and other events should be reported in financial statements. Therefore, business and accounts can be understood from company to company and country to country. General accepting accounting principles (GAAP) are set of common accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to produce their financial statements. GAAP are a combination of accurate standards that are simply the commonly accepted way of recording and reporting accounting information.