Analysis of HR Practices across Verticals
Table of Contents Introduction 3 Recruitment and selection 3 Hiring process 4 Trends 4 Training and Development 5 The Training Process 5 Models of Training 6 Systematic Model of Training 6 Transitional Model of Training 7 Instructional System Development Model of Training 8 Variation across Verticals 9 Performance Management 10 Performance management system 10 Differences in goal setting 11 Differences in appraisals 11 Differences in performance feedback 12 Compensation 12 Trends and how they differ across verticals 12 Conclusion 13 Recruitment and selection 13 Training and Development 13 Performance Management 13 Reward and compensation 13
Introduction
Human
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In the BPO vertical of firms like IBM they recruit visually impaired people as their trainers.
Training and Development
Learning at an organization is more of a self-conducted activity, and is a continuous process that lasts the entire cycle of the organization and the tenure of the employee. Nevertheless, each organization must effectively employ certain training and development activities for new as well as seasoned employees in order to accomplish different objectives:- * Orientation of new employees * Role Change / Responsibility Change * Career Planning * Succession Planning * Soft Skills Training * Skill Transfer * Performance Management and Career Growth
As a part of our study, we tried to understand the training method adopted by various organizations for different classes of employees under different verticals. In essence, unlike the other facets of HR, training and development methodologies do not differ much across verticals in an organization. However, the methodologies vary as per the type of employee who is undergoing the program.
Before we discuss the findings in the light of an example, let us look at certain models followed by organizations at different levels in the industry.
The Training Process
In essence, every training and development cycle needs to consist of certain stages. It needs to be noted that this process is a recursive one, with a continuous effort being put in to revise the cycle as the
Training for employees on key areas are the foundation for well-prepared workforce and will lead to a stable structured organization. The main objective of this type of training is to help to illustrate the importance of training and why achieving the proposed goals is so important for the success not only of the employee but of the entire company.
A learning organization is fast becoming a reality. In any organization continuous learning means growth through learning events and experiences for individual employees as well as teams, and the organization as a whole. HR plays an important role in developing a culture of continuous learning. Identifying training and development needs and arranging and development programs for employee is part of the whole learning process. A system which creates an environment conductive to learning through experience, coaching, mentoring, self-learning as well as through training and development is a must in the learning organization. HR which is the main organizer, director and controller of learning must ensure that actual learning is followed by its application for bring about improvements in different areas of operations. If that happens, the learning objective is achieved and HR is successful in adding value to the organization.
This chapter introduces the literature works relating to training and development and how it has an impact on employee’s performance. It gives detailed explanation and clear idea on previous works by researchers in organizational politics to help in understanding the background information on which this research is based on. The chapter describes the concepts of training and development and the effects on employee performance and the gap in literature.
Training is an important facet of developing and managing human resources at any organization. Training should improve not only organizational efficiency and employee productivity but it must also improve employee skills and make employees feel valued. At Clapton Commercial Construction (“CCC”) Company’s Arizona location, it is important for the company to hire and retain good employees. To that end training and development should be essential and consistently provided to employees at all levels of the organization. Training program should be designed so that it is tailored to the particular function the employees perform in the company, and also so that the company as a whole works as a
Many companies are very keen and ready to clinch Work Base Learning in an organization, not mainly because it provide you with lifelong learning, but also it is an important ingredient of what Senge (1990) has termed as the ‘learning organization’. A learning organization is a place in which the learning and flair of persons is backed and promoted so that the organization itself be able to form its future and it also very important to gain competitive advantage.
For most companies, identifying what a learning organization should be and actually becoming one is tricky at best, impossible at worst. One way that manager's and companies can promote the concept of being a learning organization is to assess whether the company is in need of a short-term fix or whether it is more focused on long-term results. Organizational learning is a long-term activity that will build competitive advantage over time and requires sustained management attention, commitment, and effort. Learning organizations maximize their competitive positions during strong economic times and they prudently train their employees and prepare for change even in turbulent times. As a result, learning organizations and learning
Training and development are important because without it the organization will not move forward due to the employees not moving forward. The training starts as soon as the individual is being interviewed. There are questions, answers maybe a personality test to confirm that the individual has the right vision and ethical background as the organization. If the individual does not match then the organization may not hire that person.
Training and development have an important role in influencing employee’s performance and the organization as well as it enhances the efficiency and the effectiveness of the employees and organization.
Just as students are learning at Post, organizations and the personnel within them need to continue to learn. Organizations need to continue to refine processes and focus on innovation. Organizational learning gives companies the ability to create, remember, and share knowledge within an organization. In order for an organization to be an effective learner they need to make it a focus on everyday work, practice it through all levels of the organization, create a focus on the creation, retention and transfer of knowledge through the organization, and solve problems where they begin, Organizational learning provides an opportunity to effect positive change throughout the organization. A company that is an organizational learner is one that is innovative, continually refining its processes and learns from its mistakes. Personal learning within an organization greatly enhances the organizations core competencies. It can be done through education and training programs. Such programs consist of schooling, training seminars, mentorships and on
Most organizations do not follow-up on the benefits of training as regards staff performance. As a result of this they don’t take training and development as an important factor in organizational growth and survival. Most manages do not know how to assess the return on investment in training, nor are they equipped with the necessary management tools to monitor the decision making process of such investment. It has been discovered that training and development budget is the first cut when the organization is faced with difficulties because most of them are of the opinion that investment in the area of training and development is not linked to the bottom line of the business. Globalization and rapid technological development has changed the conditions for companies and increased competition in the world markets. The quality of a company’s human resources is the key driver for sustained top-level performance. It has become crucial to continually invest in human resource development in order to guarantee success in the global market. As earlier said, managers engage in minimal training thereby not giving quality training to their employees, this in turn affects the overall outcome of the training and the performance of the staff. Most organizations that have a competitive image see more reasons to train their workers than those who are on the lower rung of the ladder of recognition, but training and development is still needed to create a niche. In the light of the above,
In this paper we will be reviewing the four major learning theories, Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Humanism, as it may apply in a corporate training proposal. Specific modules have been chosen from each of these theories. The goal is to inspire, propagate and promote the full potential of the employees in relationship to their duties, responsibilities and adaptation to learning.
Training is a short-term process, from 3-6 months and it focuses only on developing knowledge or skills for the job, whereas development is a continuous process focusing on building knowledge and competencies to overcome the challenges that may arise in the future (S, 2015).
Training has been defined as ‘a planned effort by a company to facilitate employees’ learning of job-related competencies. These competencies may include knowledge, skills, or behaviours that are critical for successful job performance.’ While Development refers to any form of formal education, job experiences, relationships and assessments of personality and abilities that can aid in the performance of an employee in current or future jobs. (Noe 2007)
Putting together an effective employee training program can be a monumental task if not planned properly. There are four steps, repeating to produce a continuously better program that is best for both employer and employee. The process steps include needs assessment, design, implementation, and evaluation. Once it is evaluated, it should then show some weakness that should begin the cycle again with needs assessment and
The categories within the study encompassed within the organization include Top management, Middle management and junior staff of the organization. The following are some of the training done by the Human Capital Development department: on-the-job training, formal and informal training, training programmes, upward movement, lateral movement, etc.