Dominic Vawdrey
Aircraft systems essay
Atmosphere
The term atmosphere is described by Wikipedia as “An atmosphere (New Latin atmosphaera, created in the 17th century from Greek ἀτμός [atmos] "vapor" and σφαῖρα [sphaira] "sphere") is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass and that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere may be retained for a longer duration, if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, but only their outer layer is their atmosphere.”
Air is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, which together constitute the major gases of the atmosphere. The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases,
…show more content…
It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler higher up and warmer farther down. The border of the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropopause, is marked by where this inversion begins, which in terms of atmospheric thermodynamics is the equilibrium level. The stratosphere is situated between about 6 mi and 30 mi altitude above the surface at moderate latitudes, while at the poles it starts at about 5 mi altitude.
Within this layer, temperature increases as altitude increases; the top of the stratosphere has a temperature of about 29.6°F, just slightly below the freezing point of water. The stratosphere is layered in temperature because ozone here absorbs high energy UVB and UVC energy waves from the Sun and is broken down into atomic oxygen and diatomic oxygen. Atomic oxygen is found prevalent in the upper stratosphere due to the bombardment of UV light and the destruction of both ozone and diatomic oxygen. The mid stratosphere has less UV light passing through it, O and O2 are able to combine, and is where the majority of natural ozone is produced. It is when these two forms of oxygen recombine to form ozone that they release the heat found in the stratosphere. The lower stratosphere receives very low amounts of UVC, thus atomic oxygen is not found here and ozone is not formed (with heat as the byproduct. This vertical stratification, with
Environmental scanning can be viewed as a way of acquiring information about outside events that can aid organizations in first identifying potential trends, then interpreting them
What are the different layers of the atmosphere? What are some characteristics of each? I mentioned in class that you should focus on knowing about two of these atmospheric layers in particular.
Do you ever wonder how it would feel to live in another atmosphere or a different place that is different from your atmosphere rules?Well this will give you a little hint of what kind of difference it will be to live in a different atmosphere.
When discussing atmospheric conditions over a long period of time (e.g. for several years) at a particular surface area, the climate is being analysed. It is distinct from weather in that climate focuses on a longer period of time over a specific area while
The closer the planets to the Sun, the higher heat radiation it receives from the Sun [15]. This will affect the initial possible temperature on the planet surface. On the other hand, atmospheric pressure and composition affect the greenhouse gas effect as well as deflection of ultraviolet and heat from the Sun [15]. Combination of these effects results in different surface temperature as shown on the table above.
Describe the corporate culture at Sealed Air? What is its business model? How do they make money?
CFCs are very stable and do not dissolve in rain. Thus, there are no natural processes that remove the CFCs from the lower atmosphere. Over time, winds drive the CFCs into the stratosphere. The CFCs are so stable that only exposure to strong UV radiation breaks them down. When that happens, the CFC molecule releases atomic chlorine. One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules. The net effect is to destroy ozone faster than it is naturally created.
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that cover the earth. It is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% of other small elements such as argon and carbon dioxide. Humans use oxygen to perform cellular respiration and plants use carbon dioxide to perform photosynthesis.
The Troposphere is the lowest layer from Earth of Earth’s atmosphere. In the troposphere is where all weather takes place. The second layer is the Stratosphere which has warmer layers than most of the atmosphere. The Mesosphere is the third layer of Earth’s atmosphere. In this layer temperature decreases with altitude. It also includes the coldest places on Earth. The next layer is the Ozone. In the Ozone layer gases and chemicals protect us from harmful Uv radiation from the sun. The last and final layer of the atmosphere is the Thermosphere. In the Thermosphere Uv radiation is captured by the sun and warms up this layer. This is the warmest layer of all of Earth’s atmosphere. Also in this layer radio waves are refracted due to the solar radiation interfering with
The earth’s atmosphere contains approximately 11 different types of gasses. Of those 11, only two measure above 1%. Those two principle gases are nitrogen and oxygen. The others, with the exception of argon are variable gases. Variable gases are ones where the measured amounts fluctuate. Argon is not a variable gas, but the measurement of it is so small it isn’t considered principle. Billions of years ago, the gaseous make-up of our atmosphere was quite different. Those gasses vented into space and a denser atmosphere formed by gases rising up from the earth’s surface through volcanic eruptions and steam vents. This cycle repeated itself for millions of years adding in water vapor to the mix. The water vapor turned into precipitation causing carbon dioxide to be absorbed into bodies of water leaving nitrogen as the main gas. Over time more and more oxygen was formed by the increase in vegetation and by the sun’s rays caused water vapor molecules to separate into hydrogen and oxygen
The troposphere is the lowest layer in the atmosphere, a layer wider than the equator, 5-7 miles above the poles, in which almost all weather occurs. This layer contains 75% of the atmosphere’s mass, and 99% of water vapor in the atmosphere. As height in the troposphere increases, temperature increases as well, ranging from 17 degrees celsius to -51
The first air mass I will cover is the polar (P) air mass. Polar is formed poleward of 60 degrees north or south. It is typically cold or cool in temperature. The tropical (T) air mass is formed within about 30 degrees of the equator. Its characteristics are
In the 18th century it was known that air contains at least two gases, one supports combustion and life, and the other does not. Noxious air is what Daniel Rutherford called it. There were others Scheele, Cavendish, and Priestley, that studied "burnt" or "dephlogisticated" air, which is air without oxygen.
period of time. Weather is what makes climate. There has to be weather in an area for there to be
Next is the Mesosphere, this layer stretches out from around 31 miles over the earths surface to 53 miles. The gasses, including the Oxygen particles, keep on becoming more thick as one brings down/moves descending/starts. Thus, temperatures increment as one brings down/moves descending/starts ascending to around 5 degrees close to the base of this layer. The gasses on the mesosphere are currently sufficiently thick to back off space shakes (that tumble to Earth) hurrying/tossing into the air, where they consume leaving red hot trails in the night sky. Both the upper climate/high place and the mesosphere are deliberately contemplated/trusted the center environment. The change (starting with one thing then onto the next) edge/fringe which seperated the mesosphere from the Upper climate/high place