Attenuated Measles Research Paper

Positive- One positive aspect of the MMR vaccination program is that the vaccine is effective in a large majority of people and only needs two doses for complete immunisation. Roughly 64 out of 100 people will be protected against mumps, 90 out of 100 people will be protected against measles and 95 out of 100 people will be protected against rubella when receiving the first dose of MMR. This high success rate makes the vaccine program efficient and people may be more willing to receive the vaccine knowing it will work.

Let 's say your child is sick and you do not understand why. The symptoms your child is showing are similar to that of the flu. You took your child to the hospital to find out that your child has the measles, a disease that is usually avoided with a vaccination. At the time you did not believe that your child needed to be vaccinated, but now that your child has contracted something that was preventable you regret your decision. The Measles vaccination has been in America since 1965 stated by the American Journal of Public Health. (Hendriks, Blume, 2013) Measles start off with flu like symptoms and it usually takes a few days for the physical part of the measles to appear. It does however disappear within two or three weeks after all the symptoms appear, but the possibility of having pneumonia or brain inflammation is high.

c. Rubella has similar symptoms to mumps. However, if contracted by a pregnant woman with a less than 3-month developed fetus, it

Rubeola (Measles) is a very contagious infection that causes a red, non itchy rash all over the body. Rubeola is caused by a virus. It is spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares food or drinks.

MMR stands for measles, mumps, and rubella (Measles). It’s very safe and effective (Measles). The CDC recommends that “all children get two doses of the vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12-15 months, and the second dose at 4-6 years of age” (Measles What). “People who received two doses of MMR vaccine as children according to the United States vaccination schedule are considered protected for life” (Measles What). There is also a MMRV vaccine which includes the varicella vaccine (Measles What). Measles is a disease that causes a rash, fever, cough, a runny nose, and watery eyes (Measles). “Complications can include ear infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, brain damage, and death” (Measles). Mumps consists of a fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen salivary glands (Measles). “Complications can include swelling, deafness, inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (Measles). It rarely causes death. Rubella can cause a fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and itchy eyes (Measles). “If a woman is pregnant and gets Rubella, she could have a miscarriage or her baby could be born with serious birth defects” (Measles). Even though this vaccine can have side effects, it is still important to get this

One variable of interest is the effectiveness of the mumps portion of the MMR vaccination. According to the CDC’s Mumps Vaccination site, the vaccine is effective about 88% (range: 66-95%) for two doses and about 78% (range: 49%-92%) for one dose (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016b). Has this variability in effectiveness of the vaccine contributed to the current outbreaks of mumps? Perhaps the effectiveness of the vaccination needs to be reevaluated (Marshfield Clinic, 2017).

Measles is a highly contagious disease, and it is an uncomfortable illness. It may be a short period of time to be affected, but some things can be permanent if left uncared for. There are many key characteristics of the illness, and the way it gets into the body is very simple, and works well.

In order to understand the importance of the MMR vaccine, a short history of the measles illness, measles vaccine, some complications of the illness and a brief look at the prevalence of measles will be provided. This information was researched through the National University library search engine, more specifically smart search. Proquest central and academic search premier were the two research databases used to research the topics using the following key words or phrases: measles, measles vaccine, and MMR. The search engine Pubmed was also utilized with the following key phrases: measles immunosuppression, measles, and measles vaccine.

The advantages of child vaccination have been pertinent to a child’s overall health for numerous years. Over fifty years ago, in 1963, the measles vaccine was created and introduced to the United States. The measles vaccine was important to such a degree that it is referred to as a “life-saving advance.” This vaccine had the power to protect millions of children from the exceptionally contagious disease. Around this time, measles had the power to overcome four million children, create serious enough complications to hospitalize 48,000 children, and progress to bad enough conditions to result in death for more than 400 children on an annual basis (Parker). Childhood fatalities caused by measles has declined by 74% since the creation of the measles

The desire of improved health for the citizens of our nation has long been fundamental in promoting the use of vaccinations. As early as the 1800’s, vaccinations were beginning to be recognized as highly beneficial in abolishing deadly diseases and intense interest in developing useful vaccinations began. As more vaccinations were discovered and more individuals vaccinated, diseases such as polio, diphtheria, and smallpox no longer plagued populations and decimated nations. Combined vaccinations for multiple diseases were created, such as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). These vaccines have played an enormous role in improving the health of the people of our nation.

Measles, also known as Rubeola, or Morbill, is a deadly endemic infectious disease. Measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family, and is mostly spread by coughing, sneezing, personal contact, and is passed up in the air reaching to others. Measles develops soon as the virus enters the body it expands in the back of the throat, lungs, and the lymphatic system. It then goes down to the urinary tract and replicates reaching to the eyes, blood vessels, and central nervous system. The earliest and known of the disease started during The Plague of Justinian which spread out towards the Eastern Mediterranean, African and Parts of Europe. About over 10,000 people died and there was no space to bury bodies. Corpses were piled on top of each other and others were laid and set adrift on ships. This Outbreak brought fear and confusion for people not knowing how infectious this disease was and how it was passed on.

Rubeola, more commonly referred to as measles, is an illness of the body which causes red bumps and spots on a person’s skin. Some symptoms may include high fever, runny nose, coughing, or red watery eyes (“Signs”). Rubeola is highly contagious, and can easily be transferred by those who have it to those who are unvaccinated. Influenza, also known as the flu, is similar in the way that it can be easily transferred. Also an illness of the body, influenza can cause symptoms such as a sore throat, runny nose, and aches.

Getting the recommended vaccinations is essential for public health and safety, especially in this global world as vaccinations are an effective way of reducing and even eliminating diseases. “Before widespread vaccination, measles caused an estimated 2.6 million deaths each year. Since the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, ongoing measles transmission was declared eliminated from the U.S. in 2000” (Immunize For Good). The extreme reduction in cases in the US after the vaccine was distributed is evidence of the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the measles. Even if there is a slight risk associated with the MMR vaccine, the vaccine is still the safer choice when choosing to vaccinate one’s child for both the child and for the population as a

The measles virus has been around for a long time. It is also one of the diseases that was successfully eliminated from the United States in the year 2000 through mass immunization programs that effectively rendered the virus with no hosts to populate (CDC, n.d.). Even though it is considered eliminated there are some small cases of it throughout the year mostly small and localized issues. An outbreak is only classified when more individuals get the disease than anticipated.

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 reported that measles is one of the leading causes of mortality among young children, furthermore statistics have shown that measles claims approximately 134200 lives annually. Measles is an acute, contagious virus and it is an illness that is preventable by using vaccinations (Wolkoff, Grim, Marx, 2011). The measles disease is caused by an infectious agent called the genus Morbillivirus that originates from the paramyxovirus family and the symptoms that prove one has measles include (WHO, 2016):