Biomedical Ethics Involving Cultural Research

Third world countries and underdeveloped nations have become the new proverbial Petri dish of experimentation and offer particular conditions which researchers would never be able to find in their home countries. This only serves to highlight the problem that inherently faces all research studies, the ethical debate in regards to the protection and rights of their subjects. Is it feasible to expect the same standards to apply in certain countries where an economical imbalance between what is possible and what is not can be the largest hurdle to overcome? These are key issues examined in the New England Journal of Medicine by author Marcia Angell, M.D., and co-authors Harold Varmus, M.D. and David Satcher, M.D. in their respective articles

The National Association of Social Workers states “The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty” (NASW, 2017, p. 1). Social work has always been around due to the constant reality of poverty but was not an actual job title until Jane Addams a Quaker woman in 1889 opened up her organization the Hull House. She began drawing attention to the needs of people in America by getting involved with politics with the goal of introducing laws that would help people in need. Before Jane Addams brought attention to the issues, churches were doing their best

Human experimentation has always been a topic of ethical controversy, recently the draw towards this practice has become increasingly more appealing; due to the expanding medical advancements and progress within the last decade. It is obvious why experimenting on humans is an attractive option, but how far can we push these experiments before it's considered criminal and inhumane? Many medical researchers push for the use of human experimentation because of the general good that these experiments may have on not only the medical community but also the general public. However, there are many ethical questions that need to be addressed before such experiment is conducted.

A 35-year-old man named Paul, who has a supportive wife and two adventurous kids, has been diagnosed with a very severe case of bone cancer for 1 year now. Since this type of cancer is so severe, chemotherapy is starting to not work as well. Paul’s oncologist unfortunately had to suggest a final option for Paul to try which was a clinical research trial. Clinical research trials are experimental studies that deem whether or not a medical drug, treatment, surgery, or device is safe and beneficial for humans to use ("National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"). As explained in Marcia Angell’s Article, “The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World”, the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a guideline

Africa has the highest rate of tuberculosis per capita, although it changes within the African countries from 17.8% in Cameroon to 70% in Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Africa only has 11% of the world's population, but it accounts for more than a quarter of people infected with tuberculosis. It has an estimated 2.4 million tuberculosis cases and 540,000 tuberculosis deaths annually (WHO declares TB an emergency in Africa Para 4). In Zambia, which has a population of 11 million, 64% lives on less than one dollar a day. There are now 680 cases per 100,000 people of TB in Zambia. The TB epidemic has been made worse by the HIV epidemic in Zambia. It has an HIV prevalence rate of 17% and more than 70% of TB patients in Zambia are also infected with HIV/AIDS (Projects in Africa Para 1). In Malawi, which has a population of 12 million, 42% live on less than one dollar a day. In addition to this, Malawi is one of the worst infected HIV/AIDS countries and TB is a foremost cause of death among

When reviewing this week’s lecture and readings, I was met with a wealth of information, specifically, that informed consent, isn’t a one-time kind of thing, that in reality, it’s a process, one which is always in flux. With that being said, although the “International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” is glaringly tedious, there were still some guidelines I took issue with. For example, Guideline 5 “Justification of the involvement of children” as Lyons herself states, this amorphous notion that children are deemed qualifiable for research if they are ‘reasonable’, What does that even mean? What constitutes a child as reasonable enough to understand the burden, risks and benefits of a clinical trial? Nevertheless, I understand that children, first and foremost, demand our protection because they are an extremely vulnerable population, but also necessitate scientific research in their own right. It is a nice sentiment, that adults should undergo clinical research in lieu of a child, but as stated in Santoro – “Extrapolations from adult studies and experiences are not always appropriate given

There are many issues that surround biomedical ethics in today’s World including Abortion. For many centuries abortion has been told to many that it is morally wrong, but is it really. Furthermore, when is abortion morally wrong, if a woman is raped and decides to get an abortion or if a woman is not ready to became a mother because of her religious background. For many people it is easy to say that abortion is morally and virtually wrong but how can one say that if they have never been in that situation. I think it is easier to discriminate against someone having an abortion instead of believing that abortion is right depending on the situation. Also, one must ask themselves under what conditions is an abortion morally permissible.

1.It's so difficult for people to do the right thing because doing the wrong thing because doing the wrong thing is easier than doing the right thing.Some people also derive pleasure from doing the wrong thing

Ethical issues in the healthcare field ARISE from different perspectives of individuals rights and clinical research. There have been many advances in technology for the treatment of cancer that come from clinical research have CREATED many new ethical problems. Bone marrow transplantation is a major case where research has the potential benefit, but RESOURCES provide this life-saving option are scarce. Bone marrow is a spongy type tissue inside some of the bones in the body, which includes the thigh and hip bones. A bone marrow contains immature cells, called stem cells. There are two types of bone marrow there is yellow bone marrow which is a fatty tissue and red bone marrow, known as myeloid tissue. Yellow bone marrow CONTAINS mesenchymal stem cells

Children, especially those under the age of five, are at a high risk of contracting the disease, and dying from it. The problem of malnutrition, combined with disease, also increases the death rate. As of November 20, 2015, there have been official reports of 39,619 people infected and 474 deaths. Around 77% of the cases have been children five years old and under, and a large majority of the deaths have been from this age group, as well.

Grant's decision to support the ideals that best benefited the public interest despite it's costs was indeed a bold one. Extensive research in various scientific oriented facets has provided us with an immense amount of knowledge, but as we go about gathering this knowledge we face various challenges some both ethically and morally challenging.

Medical ethics is an arrangement of moral principles that relates to values and judgments through the practice of medicine. When it comes to medical ethics, Christianity plays a very big role in this moral belief just as any other religion does. In our daily practice of medicine, the seven principles of medical ethics is a vital part in life-and-death decisions, and it is always up-to-date on human life issues. The one that I mainly wanted to focus on was justice, which is the sixth principle of medical ethics. When it comes to justice from a Christian’s point of view it means respecting the human rights and self-respect of all human being. “The real purpose of civil law is to guarantee an ordered social coexistence in true justice, so that all may "lead a quiet and peaceable life, godly and respectful in every way” (First Timothy 2:2). The doctor’s obligation is to be unbiased with his patient, respect his/her moralities as an individual, and give the patient suitable access to health care. Biblical justice involves making people, societies, and the universe complete, by safeguarding both goodness and fairness. According to James, biblical justice stands at the middle of true religion. He also stated that “the kind of religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world" (James 1:27). I chose this verse

This Report enforces the private institutions to uphold a certain ethical standard in regards to human subjects research (HHS.gov, 1979). The APA is only entitled to live up to these principles set by the commission, but not entitled to do any follow up investigations of their biomedical research to ensure, develop, and uphold their biosafety and biosecurity of their medical and human subject research. What is interesting about these two policies is that both NIMH and APA must enforce the Belmont Report by law, but since the NIH is a government institution, it is supposed to live up to the new criteria for biosafety and biosecurity. These differences of the policies of biomedical research between governmental and private institutions can be

Cultural issues, ethics and ethical responsibilities in the American health care system have been the focus of critical discussion and the contemporary findings have forced health care leaders to meritoriously reflect not only on leadership attitudes, policy and practice but on the nature and rectitude of their profession. We must continuously reassess the theoretical and practical approaches that will influence health care practices as we look to the twenty-first century and beyond. With the aim of leaders in the health care system must navigate the new frontier, critically discussing and reflecting on diverse perspectives, inspiring critical reflective and thoughtful deliberations on both current and future provision of the art in administering

It was almost midnight when I got the call from Dr. Seagraves. She told me to meet her in the physician’s lounge at 7 am; we had a case. The next morning began like any other in the operating room. We met with the patient, I received permission to observe and then got suited up for the case. The patient - who I will call Cheryl - was an elderly African American woman. She called me handsome and smiled comfortably. Dr. Seagraves pulled back the patient’s gown with a subtle warning of “watch out, it’s gooey,” exposing a mass of raw tissue that somewhat resembled a leg. Cheryl had suffered a week’s worth of necrotizing fasciitis, more commonly known as flesh-eating bacteria. The wound had a certain odor a – putrid smell that is hard to forget. Our hearts sank in unison as we realized what we were up against – we had to act fast. Dr. Seagraves began scrubbing the wounded tissue as the anesthesiologist monitored the patient’s progress. I had observed Dr. Seagraves on multiple occasions, and never did she express concern for the outcome. For the first time in our relationship I heard her mutter, “This is not good. This is not good at all.”