Case 16 Boeing 7e7

To relever the βe, we use the formula, βe = βu +(D/E)*(βu-βd). And the “Target D/E” was found by taking “Target D/V” divided by “1-Target D/V”. So we get the new βe, 1.3576. Then to get cost of equity, we use the CAPM formula, Re=Rf+β(EMRP), 11.7679%. Since we have get the cost of equity and cost of debt, we can determined the WACC, which is equal to Equity/Value*Cost of Equity+Debt/Value*Cost of Debt*(1-tax rate). In the end ,we arrived at 8.48%.

The cost of equity is the theoretical return that equity investors expect or receive from the company for investing their funds in the company. The risk free rate that is the Government Treasury bill rate is 3.1%, the market risk premium is 7% and the beta has been calculated as

As a deep-discount brokerage, Ameritrade planned to improve its competitive position by price cutting, technology enhancements, and increased advertising in mid-1997. Before initiating the plan, Ameritrade needed know whether the investment returned more than it cost. We were hired to estimate the cost of capital correctly. The key question is to find suitable comparable firms to estimate Ameritrade’s asset beta, since it was a recently-listed firm. We thought discount brokerage companies were best due to same revenue resources. Proper risk-free rate and market risk premium should also be chosen carefully, and we used 30-year bonds YTM and the annual return difference

Based on the suggestion that the focus should be on market values, compute the weights of debt, preferred stock, and common stock.

1. Why would a large and complex company like Boeing employ off-the-shelf application-specific software for accounting, human resources, supply chain management and other core business processes? And why do they choose to own, host and operate all of their own software rather than to for example outsource payroll to ADP Corporation or sales force management to Salesforce.com? [list]

The historical beta comes from historical data. This kind of beta would slope coefficient in a regression, and associated with company's stock returns and market returns. This approach is conceptually straightforward, and complications quickly arise in practice.

* Stock Beta: Exhibit 5 shows a detailed measurement of the company’s stock returns in relation to the rest of the market through 5-year historical price and index data. The analysis includes monthly returns of both the NYSE and the S&P 500 index in order to capture a comprehensive view of the market return. In each comparison, the monthly returns of the Target stock and market are plotted on Y-axis and X-axis respectively to get the regression line’s slope or beta. The analysis arrives at an average beta of 0.988 which indicates a similar movement of Target stock’s returns in comparison to the whole market over time.

The mixture of debt-equity mix is important so as to maximize the stock price of the Costco. However, it will be significant to consider the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) as well so that it can evaluate the company targeted capital structure. Cost of capital (OC) may be used by the companies as for long term decision making, so industries that faced to take the important of Cost of capital seriously may not make the right choice by choosing the right project(Gitman’s, ).

Cost of Equity = Risk free rate + (Market return – risk free rate) X beta

To find the cost of equity we used the formula rs = rRF + beta*MRP in which rRF2002 = 5.86% and the Market Risk Premium (MRP) = 5% as calculated by the Southwest Airlines finance department. We then calculated the beta for Southwest Airlines based on a regression analysis of five-year monthly returns on Southwest stock from January 1997 to January 2002, compared with the S&P 500 returns over the same period. This regression analysis indicated that Beta = .2219. Therefore,

Utilizing the fundamental concepts of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the expected return for Wal-Mart stock is 7.01% [E(R)]. This is a result of a risk-free rate (Rf) of 3.68%, which was the provided 10-year government bond yield to use as a proxy for the risk-free rate. The beta (β ) of Wal-Mart was 0.66 according to the provided Bloomberg beta estimate. Additional data was provided on the U.S. market risk premium [E(RM) – Rf] of 5.05%. In following the general concepts of CAPM, there are some general assumptions: no transaction costs, all assets are publicly traded,

In addition, two ways are used to determine cost of capital, which are CAPM and WACC. In CAPM model, risk-free rate, risk premium rate and βare assumed separately 4.5%, 6.5% and 1.1. It is not easy to determine βbecause it changes every day. Assuming 1.1 forβmeans the fluctuation of Myer share price is a little stronger than the market but not too much . Therefore, cost of capital (Re) is calculated by the formula and equals to 11.65%. This Re is used in DDM and DAE. In WACC model, because Re is 11.65%, Rf is calculated by formula and equals to 11.43%. This Rf is used in DAOE and DCF.

1.) In early 2003, Boeing announced plans to design and sell an airliner named the 7E7. Boeing aimed for the 7E7 to be more fuel efficient, carry between 200 and 250 passengers, able to accomplish both domestic and international flights, as well as be 10% cheaper to operate than Airbus’s A330-200 aircraft. All of these attributes were attractive to Boeing but would come at significant costs. To accomplish these attributes, Boeing proposed to construct the aircraft

Although it is not exactly good to have this somewhat high ratio, knowing that Boeing has a brand new and appealing aircraft reassures that positive future cash flows will cover this financial leverage. S&P’s NetAdvantage highlights the potential sales to emerging airlines from China and airlines with old worn out planes in the U.S. and Europe. S&P’s industry survey states “China, India, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, will drive growth in global air travel and demand for new aircraft.”4 The market for aircraft purchases looks like it will grow in the coming years, thus Boeing will have greater opportunities for sales.

4. EPS equal to R.O 0.112 per share as recorded on third quarter of this year (30 Sept 2008).