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Clinical Study: Application of the Neuman Systems Model on a Patient with Hypokalemia

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Chapter 1 Introduction Background and Rationale of the Study With concerns of our day to day living we do not have enough time and budget to be choosy of the type of food or the nutritional value of it, what we think of nowadays is just to have something to satisfy our hunger without considering the nutrients that our body needs each day. When we hear diet nowadays often we see it as losing weight by means of controlling food intake, but the truth is diet could also mean eating nutritious foods to supplement our body’s needs of nutrients and the type of foods that we are going to consume. As statistics report show that in the United States as many as 20% of hospitalized patients are hypokalemic; however, hypokalemia is clinically …show more content…

Environment is defined as “all factors affecting and affected by the system” and is “all internal and external factors or influences surrounding the identified client or client system”. Neuman has identified three relevant environments. The internal environment “ consists of all forces or interactive influences internal to or contained solely within the boundaries of the defined client/client system”. The external environment “ consists of all forces or interactive influences external to or existing outside the defined client/client system” and is interpersonal and extrapersonal in nature(Neuman, 2002). Feedback the process within which matter, energy, and information, as system output, provide feedback for corrective action to change, enhance or stabilize the system. Flexible lines of defense is a protective buffer for the client’s normal or a stable state. Ideally, it prevents invasion of stressors and keeps the client system free from stressor reactions or symptomatology (Fawcett, 1995). Goal the system goal is stability for the purpose of client survival and optimal wellness. Health a continuum of wellness to illness, dynamic in nature, that is constantly subject to change. Optimal wellness or stability indicates that total system needs are being met. A reduced state of wellness is the result of unmet

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