Cognitive Scaffolding

Differentiated Instruction is separated into two different principles: ongoing assessment and flexible grouping. (Allen & Dickson, 2013) Typically students are tested at the end of every chapter or unit, ongoing assessment test students throughout the entire chapter or unit. Assessing a student’s knowledge constantly helps the teacher gauge the pace at which a student learns or how will they are retaining the information. By using this technique teachers can determine how to continue teaching personalized to a student’s needs. Consistent assessment gives teachers a way to create classroom activities that are interesting, inspiring, and obtainable for students. The second principle is flexible

In supporting the various ways students learn, educators need to introduce and share ideas that are relevant and understandable. Problem solving is generally the most challenging for students who experience difficulties in Math. Garguilo and Metcalf (2013) discuss the need for considerable scaffolding and direct instruction when it comes to real-life problem in mathematics. The student may be able to add and subtract to a satisfactory standard, but cannot apply skills in problem solving methods. These types of difficulties are usually seen in students with ADHD. (Garguilo & Metcalf, 2013, p. 360) Studies suggest using a combination of formal and informal assessment in identifying both group and individual strengths and learning by means of representing the problem in different modes; see and hear, touch,

During guided practice students will work in groups as the teacher walks around monitoring group work. At this time student’s will receive more individual instruction if needed. Students will work in groups to summarize (using their own words) by identifying the beginning, middle, and end of the third mini story provided.

Efficient educators know and understand the importance of selecting, planning, and implementing effective assessment tools and strategies that measure student’s levels of understanding. Different types of assessments are used for a broad range of purposes that include formative, placement, diagnostic, and summative assessments. However, the main purpose is to “foster learning in all its forms” (Lefrancois, 2013, Ch. 6.1). Teachers use pre, formative, and summative assessments to determine what students know before, during, and after instruction. Each measurement is used to plan, modify, and adjust instruction to meet the needs of all learners. Although each form of assessment plays a critical role in ensuring all students succeed, educators

Section II. Teaching Practice Question 1: The Washington County School District organizational strategies in place for teachers has increased academic student growth in my classes. Throughout the year, I participate in professional development activities that enhance my teaching skills and increase student learning. I collaborate with data analysis and colleagues to disaggregate student data, correctly identify the lowest benchmarks that students scored based on FSA performance and Washington County School District Progress Monitoring Program (three assessments from the previous year). For this reason, we develop an "Order of Instruction" for content areas based on data from various student measures that have been assimilated throughout the school year. In like manner, I meet with vertical/grade level teams during preplanning to gather resources and organize materials by units, critique online resources to incorporate new technology into daily lesson objectives. Prior to students entering my classroom on the first day, I locate my class roster in FOCUS, print out all student IEP 's and 504 's and incorporate that information into my data notebook. As a team, we meet weekly to design lesson plans, create informal/formal assessments, and collaborate with another to ensure that standards-based instruction is being implemented in our classroom. After students start the new school year and complete their baseline assessments, I meet with colleagues, data analysis and Washington

First, initially creating a pacing guide deciding when to assess students involves collaboration. Teachers at an American urban elementary school brought samples of their students work to discuss. They compared their student’s work to students in other classes. They noticed similarities and

The researchers discovered that out of the categories the children were tested on, only two had a significant difference in scores between the experiment and control group. The results of the Expository Retell and Vocabulary Knowledge revealed that the students who received small group instruction scored higher than the students in the control group. However, the results for the Narrative Retell measure did not indicate a significant score difference.

Hypotheses: Explicit scaffolding, specifically encouragement and praise increases simple helping in younger infants early in the second year.

An intervention program that is less time-consuming than a 1:1 approach are small group programs. Small group programs are effective because of the social interaction between the teacher and students (Ross & Begeny, 2011). Fien et al. (2011) quantitative study observed the “effect of small group instruction on the vocabulary and comprehension of first-grade students” (p. 307). Researchers divided 102 first graders into two groups: small group or whole-class reading curriculum. Results suggested that students in the small group outperformed the students in the control group on expository retells (.89 points) and vocabulary knowledge (5.89 points) (Fien et al, 2011). Another small group program that enhances students reading fluency and

Cognitive development approach describes Darlene’s behavior by way of schema. Schema is the way in which we mentally categorize things we have learned. By age 2 ½ she would have learned that she is a girl (gender identity). Her parents then would further shape this knowledge (schema) by giving her the gender- specific toy (i.e. the doll). At this age Darlene would also be in school and watching more television, which would also play a vital part in shaping this schema. If she were to step outside of the gender-stereotypical roll of doll playing she would be subject to bullying and segregated from her female counterparts. The Television would place in mind that dolls are only for girls via commercial advertisement.

Having had the opportunity to assess children’s learning during PPL3, it is clear that there are certain strategies that best suits the needs of individuals. From studying lesson plans and evaluations, and from general observation it is clear that group work was often beneficial, and gave the children the chance to work with peers of different ability levels and different learning styles, so that they were able to develop and learn from their peers. Group work is great for getting children to work collaboratively, whether this is as a pair, or as a group of 6, or a group of 12, it takes them out of their comfort zones and to adapt to new situations. Using different strategies such as think-pair-share and mixed ability groups as well as self chosen groups can really determine the quality of children’s learning. I shall be looking into these strategies and reviewing my own teaching and how they were beneficial or detrimental towards a child’s education.

The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive case study is to identify the impact small group instruction has on academic achievement, attendance, and behavioral problems in a middle school. Phase one will incorporate teacher insight and perspective into students perceived academic skill set and usefulness of small group instruction. This will indicate and provide indicators that regardless of the group instruction implemented, strategies to engage the students not currently participating in the small groupsettings are necessary. On the other hand, an overtaxed, stressed-out teacher with too many small-group or individual learning activities may not be emotionally available to sensitively respond to the diverse needs of all children (Reutzal,

Respond- Trevor, I am kind of confused as to the statements you wrote on Canvas. I understood your formative assessment within the lesson plan, but do not understand what was occurring on canvas. Did you change your idea from small group discussions to popcorn questions? However, I like the idea of small group discussion rather than popcorn questions.

The first stragtey to discuss is her use of effective groupings arrangements. For instance, students are part of a whole group lesson, small group, cooperative activity, and partner work. First, Ms. Sullivan starts the lesson with the whole group seated on the carpet. This is when she introduces both the content and language objectives, discusses the target vocabulary, and explicitly reviews the lesson targets using visuals and modeling. Next, students work in partner groups using a “think, pair, share” strategy. To illustrate, students work together in partner work to discuss how they solve problems. At the end of the lesson, students also work collaboratively in a small group to complete a graphic organizer to reflect on what they learned. These grouping strategies are supported by Lev Vygotsky’s Constructivism theory. According to Vygotsky, discourse and interaction are channels for learning

Understanding cognition and how we learn is essential in the developmental stages of children. Not all students learn in the same way, understanding the cognitive process will assist in the development of the students. By modifying my approach when giving instructions I have noticed growth in current students that I am working with. Using concrete materials and giving the opportunity for students to be involved in hands-on activities on a daily basis, is essential in making new material meaningful to learners.. The knowledge gained from this topic has increased my understanding and is benefiting the children I am currently