Cognitive Theory

Stroke is a leading health care problem worldwide; ‘living with stroke’ is a real challenge both stroke survivors and their caregivers face.

J. (2015). Addressing the burden of stroke caregivers: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(17-18), 2376-2382. doi:10.1111/jocn.12884

Led by our chairs Samantha Sangabi and Julia Roh, our Power to End Stroke initiative has worked to break the barrier that lies between the community and the signs of stroke. With the help of the B.E.F.A.S.T method we have been able to reach out to the community and provide patients with the tools to detect and take preventative measures against stroke.

People can display themselves outwardly in a certain manner although on the inside be completely different. A person’s attitude and behavior can influence each other; a person’s surrounds will also have an impact on how the person is. An example of this can be seen in a person committing a crime such as shoplifting, the person knows this is illegal and not moral but in the right situation the person may forget his or her moral upbringing and commit the crime any way. Influences on the individual can be overpowering, causing the person to behave or act in an attitude different from the person’s normal action and behavior. People tend to suffer from

The tool used for the presentation of the Health Promotion Project pertains to the video titled: Know Stroke: Know the Signs. Act in Time, published on the website of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (National Institute of Health, n.d.) to help educate the public about the symptoms of stroke and the importance of getting to the hospital quickly. This video reflects the current standards of practice and is easily accessible from the NIH website under the stroke material: videos, television, and radio public service announcements. The content of this video is objective, easy to understand and follow. The authenticity of this video is supported by the fact that it contains the stories told by the

Stroke is the third leading cause of death, and the leading cause of adult neurologic disability in Canada. After the age of 55, the risk of stroke is doubled every 10 years (Brunner & Day, 2010). Despite advances in stroke management post stroke complications occur. Nurses must focus on developing successful strategies to promote home and community based care for victims of completed stroke in order for them to resume their daily life as safely and independently as possible. Strategies must target prevention of future strokes, since a stroke survivor has a 20% chance of having another stroke within 2 years, and care management after the cerebrovascular accident. Effective strategies must be aimed at restoring patient’s independence by improving physical, mental and emotional functions. Three nursing strategies to promote this include: continuous patient education, patient and/or family goal setting, as well as providing psychosocial support to the patient’s family or primary caregiver(s). This paper will analyze why these three proposed strategies are crucial to promote home and community based care, as well as ways these strategies can be implemented in such settings in order to improve the outcome for post-stroke patients.

There are many definitions of counseling, but most share the same idea: it is when one person helps another. To me counseling represents one word more than any other: Change. One person is unhappy with some area of their life and wants it to change while the other person helps to facilitate that change. Just as there are many definitions of counseling there are many types of counseling with different philosophies.

Stroke rehabilitation has been chosen for this assignment as strokes are one of the biggest killers in the UK. “Most people are affected are over 65, but anyone can have a stroke including children and even babies.” Stroke Association (no date). The Stroke Association is a charity which is run in the UK to support carers, family’s supports people who have had a stroke and a person who has had a stroke themselves. By researching new treatments, support services to help people rebuild their lives and campaigning has helped raise awareness of stroke in society. Rehabilitation is the first step in recovery and after a stroke an assessment is done and health care professionals such as occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and physiotherapists can all help individuals recover and help improve a person’s quality of life after a stroke. The family and relatives of a person who has had a stroke can help with their emotional needs and support them through the rehabilitation and recovery process. In this assignment three different viewpoints will be taken into consideration and then analysed to draw a conclusion at the end to answer the question. There are many viewpoints about effective rehabilitation and support such as political perspectives, voluntary and service provider views. The most important viewpoints have been selected for this essay including the individual

One of those important players is an occupational therapist. Occupational therapists often look at the individual holistically. They understand the importance of how emotional well-being, healthy life habits, and social connections play in recovery for patients who have suffered a stroke, as well as addressing the continuous physical rehabilitation. Occupational therapists also focus and engage stroke survivors, as well as their families, to lead independent healthy lives and emphasize the importance of human connections. Occupational therapists do this by helping the patients and their families develop coping strategies to deal with loss, promoting psychosocial health, promoting healthy living strategies, as well as providing education for the clients to minimize any potential for a stroke relapse. Most importantly, occupational therapists use their knowledge in activity analysis and adaptive methods to help the individual complete necessary and meaningful life occupations, promoting their independence (“The Role of Occupational Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation,” n.d.). Completing this therapy in the patient’s home can decrease medical expenditures as well as give a more realistic context and environment for patient therapy to be successful and

The philosophy of cognitive behavioral therapy is that “think and feeling are connected people are creative (Halbur & Halbur, 2015, p.47)”. The key aspects of theory are to challenge the irrational beliefs that we hold about ourselves. Aaron Beck the primary founder of cognitive behavior theory assumed that people can control how they feel and what they think. He believed that our inner thoughts and beliefs affected how we are affected on the outside. One of the key concepts is that the client’s dysfunctional thinking can be derived from an erroneous internal process or bias.

Strokes are not isolated to the United States. It is reported that worldwide nearly 15 million people suffer from a stroke every year (“Stoke,” n.d.). The idea of home therapy for stroke rehabilitation has appeared in other countries as well. A group of researchers in Spain looked into the effectiveness of occupational therapy for individuals affected by a stroke. They focused specifically on home based therapy. The researchers sought out occupational therapy programs which “aimed to improve the participation of the individual in significant functions, activities, and tasks” and how that translated into a home program (Ávila et al., 2014). The study included twenty-three participants who had suffered a stroke. The Barthel Index (Fig.3) was

We recommend improvement of currently available stroke centers by increasing the number of trained personnel, upscaling of available facilities and establishing dedicated stroke care and rehabilitation centers where health personnel can cater to the needs of stroke survivors at individual level with great effect. We can utilize mass media not only to create awareness among common people regarding stroke but also provide better understanding of the risk factors leading to stroke. We also recommend developing support groups and stroke helplines for entertaining queries of stroke survivors on regular

2. OBSERVE - Throughout the Rope course today you could hear the cognitive complexity, hear how some people expected to fall or not get as far as they did. When we were doing ships everybody was thinking of ways to get people back to where they originally were, kept of different ways to do it without stepping off. As we continue the course I realize how much more cognitive complexity plays in my life an example would be when I would play soccer, as a goalie you have to be able to picture yourself going out to get the goal or wait for them to make a shot. I had to make different scenarios of how a shot would be taken or if

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was created by Aaron Beck, a professor in psychiatry in the 1960’s (Beck, 2011). Initially, Beck sought out to prove the psychoanalytic idea that depression stemmed from anger towards oneself (Beck, 2011). However, during his research he found that misleading thoughts and beliefs were the reasoning behind depression. Beck theorized that one’s current feelings about something are derived from an initial encounter that gave meaning to that specific event. So, negative feelings about a particular occurrence can be a result of misinformation (Beck & Greenberg, 1984).

Leon Festinger created the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise.