Energy Cost
Throughout the United States, there is a movement to improve public transportation in a bid to reduce traffic congestions and the commute time of workers. In fact, this initiative to improve transportation has received a lot of support from the public in the form of passed ballot box measures. Americans across the nation have agreed to pay higher taxes in their community for the sole purpose of reinvesting into public transit. Transportation officials feel that the financial strain of car ownership, lack of space, fuel prices, and the damage to the ozone all create the perfect environment to encourage public transit growth. So widespread is this opinion that the federal government has even begun assisting transit projects
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With these values totaled, we then subtracted this figure from the amount of money received from the sale of the buses that year. We did this for each year, altering the values for expenses and fixed costs by the rate of inflation. We arrived at the cash flows for each year displayed in exhibit B and exhibit C. By looking at the cash flows for each engine, it would appear that the California Engine provides not only higher cash flows each year, but also ends the life of the project with a significantly smaller amount. This means that the cost of operating capital is being covered mainly by the cash inflows received annually. Meanwhile, the cash in-flow each year for the Los Angeles Engine is smaller than the California Engine, and at the end of the 20-year project, a remaining balance of $161,000,000 remains, meaning that our operating capital would not be close to being covered by just one year’s cash inflow.
Cost of Capital
California Best Trucks maintains a debt ratio of 60%. Due it’s bond rating, the company pays an interest of 6.5% on it’s debt. When we multiply the tax rate (adjusted by subtracting one from the marginal rate) by the debt ratio of 60% and then multiply by our interest rate of 6.5%, our
The town of Halton Hill’s population includes the areas of Georgetown and Acton and other communities such as Erin, Oakville, Burlington and Milton regions. This is what is considered to be my community because these are the many places that I am visiting most often and they are always referred to together as “Halton Hills Region” (p.5, 2011). With the substantial increase in population in the Halton Hills region, more specifically Georgetown, there should be a strong demand for a public transit system to counteract all of the environmental disturbances that are being caused due to this increase. One of the things that is happening is that there are so many trees they are cutting down in order to expand and grow the population with houses being built. Statistics are showing that the population of Halton Hill’s region will expand by 54% over the next 20 years (p.5, 2011). By the year 2031, employment rates will increase by 75%, leaving Halton with 42,100 jobs being offered (p.5, 2011). With this rapid influx of citizens, this will only increase the demands of travel to get to these work places as well as other destinations (p.5, 2011). Over the past couple of year’s the traffic congestion on the major roads in Halton Hills such as Trafalgar Road and Regional Road 25 with individuals trying to get to and from work. There used to be very little traffic in these areas, however since Halton Hill’s has continued to expand, the utilization of automobiles has significantly increased due to the fact there is no public transit system. The Transportation Demand Management in Halton Hill’s is noticing the increase in automobiles stating that there needs to be a major shift in more efficient ways of transportation, yet there still has been nothing improvised (p.7, 2011). The Transportation Demand
Improving transit will reduce commute time and amount of cars on the road. Toronto is ranked 47th worst traffic in the world. This means that Toronto has a real traffic problem. We must improve the system. This means, having better bus routes and more buses, more subway lines. Toronto currently has only 4 subway lines. This is nothing compared to New York with 34 lines. If our transit
The United State has always been weak in public transportation and mass transit tools. California was once supposed to be different and revolutionized. Trolleys connecting the suburbs to the city and business districts was the main reason why cities expanded vertically. These mass transit tools organized the transits in an extremely environmentally friendly way. But the venue of cars and the thought of independence flattered americans pushing them to each buy a car, synonym of their independence. Now the trains and connecting public transportations have practically disappeared and are irrelevant.
Fifty cents of the gasoline tax dollar increase will go towards making the public transit system more feasible to people. This includes more bus stop locations, more arrival and departure times, more accessible train and airplane facilities, and increased safety precautions. Cheaper fares would also be a good means to increase the use of public transportation. In Huntsville, Alabama where the town is trying to have an efficient city system and is doing well at it, the tourist trolley fare is one dollar per trip and two
Everyday people in Toronto travel to places using public transportation. Without public transportation, we wouldn’t be able to go to places that are far away from us. We needed them in our everyday life but there are key problems that surfaces when using public transportation. Public transportation may seem convenient but for others it may not seem ideal for them from certain circumstances such as the cost, lack of transportation in a certain area and the delays. These make people not want to ride a public transportation which is why Toronto should improve on the public transportation to make the best interest for the people.
Transportation in the region has a long and successful past. However, public transportation has consistently taken a back seat to the personal automobile. There has been a strong core of persons who rely on public transportation to achieve mobility, and governmental
Transportation is an everyday occurrence in today’s society; it takes you where you need to in a timely manner. In the article “The Bus, a Modern Panacea” by Lester Detroit, he explains that taking the VTA is a “cure-all” solution. Detroit notes that the VTA is convenient because students do not have to drive around to find parking space. He revels that students can save money with the free Echo Pass that is provided with registered SJSU students. He also notes that taking the VTA helps with the environmental problems because it solves traffic congestion, rising oil consumption, and carbon pollution.
Phoenix is large city in the United States and it is also the biggest city in Arizona. There are lots of who people live, work and study here. Therefore, there are always traffic jams in the rush hours which are morning and afternoon. If the government could improve the public transportation, for example, by adding more buses, there would be fewer people driving cars. According to Tribune (2009) Arizona lobbyists criticize claims that spending more money to improve public transportation is important, not only for creating more jobs, but also for help for reduce traffic, air pollution, and our dependence on oil. This shows that the public transportation here should be improved. Improving public transportation will also be beneficial for citizens in Arizona. It is because there will be fewer traffic jams then people will be taking buses instead of
Toronto’s public transit system is a mess, and it is about to get much worse. Congestion on Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) buses and subways already stops many Toronto commuters from even considering taking public transit, despite the gridlock on city roads. In 2013, an average of 900,000 daily commuters crowded onto overcrowded buses and subways, according to a TTC operating statistic, further burdening a system that severely failed to keep up with Toronto’s population growth. (TTC Operating Budget, 2013) In ten years, the ridership on the Yonge-University-Spadina line jumped from 583,000 people per work day to 711,000. (ibid). With the population of the GTA projected to double, over the next 20 years, another million vehicles will join
There is not a segment of American society that does not benefit from public transportation. It is a fact of life that some portion of the urban population is comprised of those individuals who cannot use or do not have access to a car to travel because they are handicapped, elderly, or economically disadvantaged. Consider for a moment if your elderly mother or grandmother lived in this neighborhood and could not get about without the help of others. Now consider how much more self-sufficient she would feel if she were able to get out and about on her own when she needed or wanted. Some form of public transportation is necessary if the people in this category are to have the mobility essential for subsistence and satisfaction in their
Cars have been prevalent in United States for years. However transit ridership has increased by 40% since the late 1990s. Apparently there is a "latent demand for new transit unit users a common unknown unknown in the transit industry" (Krizek, El-Geneidy 73). But the nation devotes most of our transportation funds to building new roads. This doesn't make any sense because people are moving away from cars to transit. Cars do provide people with a closed "bubble" away from society where they can do whatever they want, nevertheless US citizens are still abandoning the automobile. Why? There are many factors but simply put :people despise traffic. Period. What makes this situation so sad though that people didn't realize this until recently.
Public transportation is serious need of a massive overhaul in this nation. We are in desperate need to catch up to the European standard of public transportation in this country. In Europe, citizens can travel across cities, bodies of water, and even counties with their state of the art public transportation system. Europeans are not nearly as reliant on cars and oil as the United States is because they have the much more practical option of taking the transportation provided to them by the government to where ever they need to go. They have set a model that the United States needs to strive for and meet in the near future.
Public transportation can help reduce stress caused by driving, save money, and also protect our environment by reducing the number of vehicles on the road. In order to get more people off the road and into the public transportation system we must increase the number of buses and taxis that are available. We must also increase the number of stops available for daily bus routes. With more stops on the map more people are likely to use the bus system. Each city or town will be able to decide where more bus stops are needed and make the adjustments necessary to provide better service for the taxpaying citizens. Of course, none of this is possible without adequate funds in each town/city and the gas tax is guaranteed to provide those funds. Providing more public transportation will help us reach our ultimate goal of protecting the environment and ourselves.
The provision of energy is riddled with market failures. For instance, the U.S. maintains a military presence in the Middle East at least partly in order to secure energy supplies, but to what extent do U.S. consumers pay for that at the pump? Anecdotally, petrol costs about half in the States what it does in Europe. For another example, short haul flights are often cheaper than train tickets to the same destination, and yet, air travel is about ten times worse for the environment than is rail. Does the cost of either ticket account for this difference? Both the production and consumption of energy give rise to economic costs that are difficult to allocate. These externalities are a
In New York City, the subway system has played an integral role in taking New Yorkers across the city in minutes. With high-speed metallic trains barreling through tubes and tunnels, approximately 8 million New Yorkers ride the subway everyday and rely on it to get to where they need; whether it be work, school, or meeting with others. However in recent events the fare to ride the trains or buses have skyrocketed from the five cents in 1904 to two dollars and seventy-five cents in this day and age. While this of course correlates to inflation, it proves to be yet another annoyance to New Yorkers who had already paid two dollars and fifty cents before in 2015. While this improves quality of subway travel, trains, and employee service and numbers; it is also more money out of the pockets of many already financially unstable New Yorkers.