Developmental Psychology

The concrete operational stage occurs during seven to eleven years of age. Children are now able to perform concrete operations, such as math. They also develop the ability to reason logically if it isn’t abstract. Seriation and transitivity are also included in this stage. Seriation, a mastery task, is when children can order numbers, objects, etc. into a correct order with things such as numerical order or length. (Santrock)

2.     Preoperational Stage (ages 2 – 7) – The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete situations. In this stage language is being learned and the child functions as if the world is centered around them

I would address Piaget concrete operational stage of cognitive development. The Concrete operational stage is the third stage of Piaget cognitive development. This period is characterized by the development of logical thought. Kids at concrete operational stage are within the ages of 7-12 years. At this stage, they can understand and logically think about concrete and specific things, but they still struggle with grasping abstract concept. Piaget considered this stage to be a major turnaround in the cognitive development of a child because it marks the beginning of operational thought. The child is mature enough to understand operations(rules) but can only apply logic to physical objects hence the name concrete operational.

stage is from ages twelve through adolescents this stage is referred as the formal operational

operational stage, which is the third in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. At this stage, most

At this stage is when their mental lexicon expands, creating more complex sentences and holding conversations with their peers and other adults (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18). Concrete operations is the next stage following preoperational. This stage is developed between ages of seven to eleven where children begin the process of becoming logical thinkers, categorize objects and thoughts, and organize information (Kaderavek, 2015, p. 18). Lastly, the formal operation stage, from ages eleven to fifteen, is when children learn to be abstract thinkers by creating and testing hypotheses (Kaderavek, 2015, p. 18). Without these four important stages, Piaget believed that a child could not develop language accurately and in the future could develop a language disorder.

These include the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational and lastly the formal operational stage, all of which have set and specific age groups. The sensorimotor stage spans from birth till two years of age, This is when infants learn and explore primarily with their senses and movement. The preoperational stage spans from 2 years of age to 7, during this stage infancy comes to an end and a language development occurs. The concrete operational stage starts at 7 years of age and lasts till 12, throughout this stage children are able to truly think logically and can imagine the consequences of an event happening without it actually happening. Lastly the formal operational stage includes ages 12 and older, This is the final stage of development and involves the understanding of complex thought processes and increased sophistication. Thus Piaget concluded that a 12 year old or older would be able to pass formal operations where as a child younger than 12 simply could

The fourth stage is the formal operational stage. This stage is from adolescence through adulthood. At this point, children begin to develop abstract thought and can apply their logic to real objects or abstract objects. Children in this stage can now reason from real to other possibilities.

During the Preoperational Stage (age 2 to 7) of development, children have an inability to classify and conserve, are egocentric and have a lack of logic. The following examples illustrate these characteristics.

Discussion Links to cognitive development Piaget would have expected Simon to be in the concrete operational stage. He would he expected Leah, the adult, to function in the formal operational stage. Simon, according to him should have been possessed all the previous stages as well as possess the ability to think logically about objects and events ; Achieves conservation of number and mass; and classified objects according to several features as well as able to order them in series along a single dimension such as size.Â

7-11 yrs enter the Concrete Operational stage. The logical stage. Children are able to se

The concrete operational stage occurs between seven and fourteen years of age, children are capable of reasoning in a logical way, organize and classify objects in a hierarchical manner, and understand people have different thoughts, emotions and opinions. Central to this stage is conservation, the capability to understand that objects can change in some shape or form but remain the same. For example, a cup of milk poured into a square container remains the same cup of milk when poured into a round container. The final stage in Piaget’s theory is the formal operational stage, which occurs from fourteen years of age into adulthood. During this stage people are able to think logically and understand abstract concepts.

Stage III, concrete operational thought (7-11 years), involves relatively sophisticated problem-solving behavior and attainment of adult thought. Stage IV, formal operational thought (12 years and older), is characterized by the ability to develop hypotheses and deduce new concepts.

Object performance is what a child will develop throughout this stage. This is the awareness that things do exist even though they cannot be seen at some point in time. Learning object performance is crucial for the next stage, pre-operational. For example, if there is a teddy bear placed in front of a child and it is taken away while they are not looking, the child will not look for it because he cannot see it. Some might would call this “out of sight, out of mind”. Once the child understands object performance, they will try to search for their hidden bear because of their new capabilities. The sensorimotor stage can be divided into six separate sub stages that reflect the area of development in reference to a new skill. The six stages are as follows: Reflexes, Primary circular reactions, Secondary circular reactions, coordination of reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and early representational thought. In regards to the reflex stage, one could say that this starts in the womb rather than at zero months. In this stage the child interacts with his/her surrounding strictly with natural born processes such as sucking and looking. The slight turning of body. At that age they understand that their body requires movement and they carry out that task. During the “primary circular reaction stage” the child carries over attributes from the reflexes stage and progresses them. Imagine a child sucking his/her thumb and then repeats the action later purposefully because

On the Cognitive part of the spectrum, there was a psychologist named Jean Piaget who created four stages of development. They are called Sensorimotor (birth-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operational (7-11), and Formal Operational (11-adulthood) stages. In his Sensorimotor stage, babies are using their senses to figure out their surroundings. This explains why, when babies find something, they instinctively put it in their mouth. During Preoperational, children are starting to figure out that words connect to objects.