Developing an effective counterterrorism strategy begins with understanding what factors lead to and how individuals become radicalized in the first place. Equally important, and a point often overlooked, is how individuals de-radicalize and disengage from terrorism. To understand the process an understanding of the terms themselves and what they mean is necessary. The term engagement is used to describe an individual’s physical interaction with a terrorist organization. This may be as simple as emailing a radical cleric to attending a terrorist training camp. In either case, engagement begins when an individual has come to realize that few, if any, options exist for them outside of terrorism. A desire to belong to a successful group, obtain fame through martyrdom or even something as simple as collect a regular paycheck may all be deciding factors that lead an individual to reach out and engage with terrorist organizations. Once this is complete, the process of radicalization can begin. Radicalization describes the cognitive change an individual experiences after engaging with a terrorist organization. Likened …show more content…
Viewed as a reverse process, the term de-radicalization describes the process by which an individual changes their cognitive view of the world around them. What was once troubling to them and led to their adoption of violent extremism has changed and as a result they see the world, or their corner of it, in a new light. The process of de-radicalization can be viewed as the first step toward returning to their previous life. This often leads to disengagement, or an individual’s desire to no longer take part in the physical act of terrorism. The de-radicalization and disengagement process can begin in a number of ways including the realization that life under terrorist rule is not what it appeared or one’s unwillingness to martyr themselves for a terrorist
The use of terrorism started in 1795 relating to the reign of terror leaded by the French Government. The reason people become terrorist is because they see it as their only choice or is a sign for defending their religion. “The personal pathway model suggests that terrorists came from a selected, at risk population, who have suffered from early damage to their self-esteem,” (psychologist Eric D. Shaw). This explains how young adults are becoming terrorist to find themselves, also because they are not happy with who they are. Terrorist technology has changed over the course.
We are all individuals. As individuals, we do not all live the same lives and share the same interests. It is greatly because of this, there are many psychological and behavioral factors that can impact the radicalization of an individual. Not everyone is going to be as receptive to certain things as other people may be. We must understand what the factors are that can increase the likelihood of someone turning to a life of terror in order to have a more significant chance at countering them. It is important to know why someone joins an organization such as al Qaeda or a white supremacist group in order to know which
The speaker for tonight’s Muslims in America seminar brought a new aspect or way off thinking when it comes to how non-radical Muslims are dealing with radical Muslims. His delivery and provoking points, helped me better understand how people can convert to radical Muslim. Before attending the seminar I never considered the viewpoint or reasoning’s of terrorist. I found out most radicals are educated, literate and even intellectual. Militants believe in what is called “ooma”, which is translated as church or body. They believe strongly in “ooma” and that it represents an entire body. They view the world as a body with impairments and dysfunction. Tired of political grievance militants begin to feel love and sympathy towards their cause of curing
Tactics to induce terror in pursuit of a political goal have been utilized by a multitude of organizations across the globe. This method of power control is known as terrorism, and due to its impact and unpredictability, it is highly feared and monitored today in the 21st century. Attacks of this nature stem from radical beliefs of religion, ethics, or other politics, and have been carried out globally, ranging from the 9/11 attack in New York City to the 2015 shooting in Paris, France. Terrorism over recent years has grown despite an abundance of efforts by many nations and international organisations to stop development of such groups. This growth is partially attributed to advances in digital technology and the furtherment of communication techniques, such as social media and web-based content, which has allowed for the spread of these radical ideas across the planet making it difficult to control the advancement of these beliefs (Council on Foreign Relations, 2009). Terrorism will never be able to be fully stopped due to the abstract nature and ideology from which terrorism originates.
In this paper, I use a logic model to illustrate a sequence of stages within the Domestic De-radicalization program, which will bring about change in the increase of homegrown Muslim radicalization and terrorism and lead to intended results. I use critical elements such as inputs, outputs, and outcomes to show investors, assets, and results needed to communicate, the quality of the program. Additionally, I provide short-term, intermediate, and long-term outcomes expected because of the program. Lastly, I provide assumptions and external factors, which influence thoughts and outcomes.
Regarding the behavioral explaination, Post (1998) “stated that if terrorism was strategic and rational, such groups should be more likely to disband after they achieve victories.” (…) Instead, they want to remain in the group for them the sense of belonging to a group is very important (…) it helps them to fulfil their need to belong as well as their need to engage in risky endeavours.” (Post (1998) in Moss, 2016)
Institutions do not know the terrorist prisoner population in which it holds. Train detention officers to recognize early signs of radicalization. Development of an awareness training will encourage awareness of early signs of radicalization in prisons and jails. This program will allow institutions to be knowledgeable of radicalization. It will also identify collective values, changed behavior, and attempts to influence used to teach prisoners.
A huge wake up call for the whole world was the 9/11 attacks. So many people’s lives were changed or taken away when this disaster struck in the United States. Many people are scared for life because of what happened that day and it got them to thinking more seriously about how to prevent terrorism and how to treat terrorists or suspected terrorists.
Ever since post 9/11 conflicts began and the United States became involved in the Syrian conflict, several homegrown radicalized terrorist have come extremely close to succeeding in highly destructive attacks. Currently, there are gaps in understanding the radicalization of homegrown Muslims in the United States. Therefore, it is imperative to understand paths towards radicalization through crime prevention strategies (Kamien, 2012). The sources listed below will aid in the psychological background of radicalization, and how radicalization happens to homegrown Muslim converts and non-converts (Schumacher, 2011).
The other way effective way that radicalization occurs in Western countries such as the United States is the radicalization that occurs while individuals are incarcerated in prisons. The United States is home to the highest level of incarceration in the world. The U.S is home to over two million inmates. There are many different extremists groups that thrive in the prison setting. The Order, Aryan Nations, Posse Comitatus and other militia groups have thrived in the prison setting for years (Cilluffo et al., 2007).
Terrorism is a difficult issue to understand and grasp for many people. What is even more difficult to understand is what drives an individual to become radicalized to the point of joining a terrorist organization and committing terrorist acts. While there is not specific criteria or a “cookie cutter” approach to understanding what motivates and radicalizes an individual to participate in such atrocities, there are however, several psychological and behavioral factors that have been common among these individuals. The following paper will outline some of the psychological and behavioral factors that attribute to an individual’s radicalization and eventual willingness and even perhaps
There has also been long time assumption among professionals and average citizens that terrorists are ‘mentally ill’ individuals. However, there is yet again no evidence that supports that theory. As a matter of fact, there is countless examples in history that counters that said theory of being ‘mentally ill’ and this article provides those examples; as well as, providing the avenue in which an individual can and has been radicalized. Moreover, this article articulates and lays out a method in which could be used to counter the radicalization
To counter the crisis factors, creating and actively promoting government funded programs that can help people who are going through a crisis and show them that terrorism is not the solution to fix the problems could help reduce the chances of someone becoming radicalized (Newark, 2016). The same tools that terrorists leaders use to radicalized new recruits such as the media; social networks; and the internet; could also help counter radicalization. The media and the internet could serve as a tool to inform and educate people about the truth of terrorism. Encouraging people to say something when they see something strange could help law enforcement identify those who are at risk of becoming radicalized. In regards to the depravation factor,
Radicalization is defined as the process of becoming more extreme, or regressing away from the center of a spectrum, in belief and thusly action. This term is now more modernly used to describe violent religious radicals in the religion of Islam. Radicalization however, can occur in any system that contains more than one concrete set of thought. From the two party system of U.S, to the split of sikhs and shia muslim ethnic groups, radicalization to either side, in example, liberal to conservative and sikh to shia, is vehemently dangerous and ought to be avoided. Moderation, on the other hand, is the trait of remaining in the center of a spectrum of thought, taking no personal stakes or dedication to either side. In politics moderates are
Terrorism in the twenty-first century has some similarities and differences from terrorism in the twentieth century. Terrorism is, in its broadest sense, the use or threatened use of violence in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim. Also useful to remember that because the two entities involved, the terrorists and the terrorized, are on the opposite end of the political, religious or ideological continuum, the same act is viewed by them differently. There is much sense in the phrase one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter.