Module 1
Framework for Analysis and Valuation
QUESTIONS
Q1-1. Organizations undertake planning activities that shape three major activities: financing, investing, and operating. Financing is the means a company uses to pay for resources. Investing refers to the buying and selling of resources necessary to carry out the organization’s plans. Operating activities are the actual carrying out of these plans. Planning is the glue that connects these activities, including the organization’s ideas, goals and strategies. Financial accounting information provides valuable input into the planning process, and, subsequently, reports on the results of plans so that corrective action can be taken, if necessary.
Q1-2. An organization’s
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There is also the possibility that their employers and/or customers might be harmed if certain information is not kept confidential.
Q1-10.A Procter & Gamble’s independent auditor is Deloitte & Touche LLP. The auditor expressly states that “our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.” The auditor also states that “these financial statements are the responsibility of the company’s management.” Thus, the auditor does not assume responsibility for the financial statements.
Q1-11.B While firms acknowledge the increasing need for more complete disclosure of financial and nonfinancial information, they have resisted these demands to protect their competitive position. Corporate executives must weigh the benefits they receive from the financial markets as a result of more transparent and revealing financial reporting against the costs of divulging proprietary information to competitors and others.
Q1-12.B Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the various methods, rules, practices, and other procedures that have evolved over time in response to the need to regulate the preparation of financial statements. They are primarily set by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), a private sector entity with representatives from companies that issue financial statements, accounting firms that audit those statements, and users of financial information. Other bodies that contribute to
The FASB Accounting Standards Codification® is the source of authoritative generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities.
In 1973 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was established to set the financial accounting standards in the United States of America for nongovernmental entities. These standards are collectively called U.S. Generally accepted Accounting Principles, or U.S. GAAP. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants acknowledge the authority of these standards (FASB, n.d). A “proven, independent due process” is used to collect the viewpoints of the financial statements prepares and users for the constant improvement of these standards. An Accounting Status Update(ASU) is not an authoritative source however documents the amendments to communicate the changes in the FASB Codification for a user to understand the reason and future of those changes (FASB, n.d).
The AICPA published the generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). GAAS are those guidelines which auditors must follow while conducting an audit of a company's financial statements. It must also be stated in the audit report that the audit was conducted following GAAS.
Commutronics had not accumulated enough profits and had no sufficient capital reserves. The company’s registered capital was therefore very low. The withholding tax rate of
In addition to delivering health care of the highest quality, another main goal of a health care organization is to remain profitable and viable through effective financial management. In an effort to do so, members of administration along with the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) work diligently in attempting to maintain and sustain a successful health care organization by monitoring the flow of cash (in and out) in accordance to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), while ensuring the needs and wants of the consumers are met. With this being the case, health care accounting skills are equally important in
In 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created and their mission is “to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information.” (FASB.org, 2009a). The FASB is a private, not-for-profit organization whose primary purpose is to develop generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) designated the FASB as the organization responsible for setting accounting standards for public companies in the U.S. Therefore, the FASB plays a vital and important role in protecting the financial well being and the overall stability of our
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) sets the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States. The FASB Accounting Standards codification implements a system for organizing non-governmental generally accepted
Since 1975, Patton Fuller Community Hospital (PFCH) has been serving the people of the Kelsey and the surrounding communities. PFCH is a for-profit organization and is owned by physician active within the facility. Owned by the physicians active at the hospital, the organization is governed by a 14 member board of directors, which consist of 12 physician-owners, with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) as non-voting members. The facility is dedicated to providing cutting-edge medical services. PFCH
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) determine the content and format of financial statements. SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) requires publicly traded companies to issue annual audit. Concerns are about adequacy of disclosure; and behavioral implications are secondary.
Planning is regarded as one of the most important and significant aspects of the success and profitability of a business. Generally, companies and organizations are involved in various methods of planning with the two major types being strategic planning and financial planning. These methods are commonly used by companies because of the different focuses they have and their distinctive nature. Nonetheless, strategic planning and financial planning consist of two major links that have significant impacts on the approaches managers take in the overall planning process. While strategic planning is regarded as the process of determining the direction, objectives, and the achievement of the goals of an organization or business, financial planning is described as the approach towards the management of an organization's finances in methods that contribute to the accomplishment of the business needs.
There are general rules and concepts that preside over the field of accounting. These general rules, known as basic accounting principles and guidelines, shape the groundwork on which more thorough, complex, and legalistic accounting rules are based. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) uses the basic accounting principles and guidelines as a foundation for their own comprehensive and complete set of accounting rules and standards.
The US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is a set of international accounting rules which originated from the United States. US GAAP can be defined as a set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements (Elliott & Elliott, 2008). The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the other hand are accounting rules originating from the United Kingdom. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting rules designed with a common global language for business affairs so that financial accounts of companies are understandable and comparable across international boundaries (Devinney, Pedersen & Tihanyi, 2010).
The operating plan provides detailed implementation guidance designed to accomplish corporate objectives. It details who is responsible for what particular function, and when specific tasks are to be accomplished. An important part of an operating plan is the forecast of sales, production costs, inventories, and other operating costs. Operating plan is a detailed making of a plan involving a company’s goals, objectives and mission within a specified time frame. The financial plan details the financial aspects of the corporation’s operating plan. In addition to an analysis of the firm’s current financial condition, the financial plan normally includes a sales forecast, the capital budget, the cash budget, documents of financial statements, and the external financing plan. Financial plan is the process of assessing the company’s financial goals and financial needs of the future taking into accounts the assets and investments already available in achieving those goals and estimate what the company may need in future.
To be useful, financial information must be relevant and give a true picture of what it purports to represent. The usefulness of financial information is enhanced when it is comparable, verifiable, understandable and quickly disseminated. The ED does not properly address the informational needs of resource provider for NFP entities. PWC (2014) mentioned in its comment letter to the ED that the proposed draft does not “describe the additional principles or concepts that may be important to NFP contributors.” Consequently, the information presented may be too broad and not relevant to users.
An accounting standard is a principle that guides and standardizes accounting practices. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are a group of accounting standards that are widely accepted as appropriate to the field of accounting. Accounting standards are necessary to provide a meaning to financial statements across a wide variety of business. It facilitates uniformity in financial reporting and ensures consistency in