Harding Coolidge Research Paper

On December 7th, 1941, Japanese fighter planes staged an attack on U.S naval and military forces based in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii. In around just two hours, America suffered from approximately 3,435 casualties including 2,000 deaths. The shattering defeat cost the U.S, 8 battle ships and around 200 airplanes. The following day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. This was approved, and more than two years into the conflict, America had eventually fully committed to the war.

“The Japanese plan was simple: Destroy the Pacific Fleet. That way, the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan’s armed forces spread across the South Pacific. On December 7, after months of planning and practice, the Japanese launched their attack. In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 airplanes. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most important, almost 2,500 men were killed and another 1,000 were wounded. On December 8, Congress approved Roosevelt’s declaration of war. Three days later, Japanese allies Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. For the second time, Congress reciprocated. More than two years after the start of the conflict, the United States had entered World War II” (History.com).

The Treaty of Versailles was a formal peace treaty between the Word War I Allies and Germany. The leaders of Britain, France, Italy and the United States met in Paris in early 1919 to draft the treaty. President Woodrow Wilson presented his Fourteen Points, a series of measures intended to ensure future peace. The points included the formation of an international organization known as the League of Nation, which was adopted in the treaty. Representatives of each country signed the treaty in June 1919.

Many factors contribute to a group of people failing to accomplish a goal, but the stubbornness of participants often is a leading cause. The Senate’s failure to ratify the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 shows this idea, due to the feud between President Woodrow Wilson and the Internationalists, and Henry Cabot Lodge and the Reservationists. The Internationalists fully supported the passing of the Treaty of Versailles, whereas the Reservationists believed it was necessary to change the Treaty, specifically Article Ten. Similarly, Borah and the Irreconcilables believed that the League of Nations was in conflict with one of the ideals the nation was founded on; to not engage in foreign entanglements. As Senator William Borah, put it, the League

Japan had been the one to bomb Pearl Harbor. The bombs had killed more than 2,300 Americans in the Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory. This act had destroyed the U.S.S. Arizona and the U.S.S. Oklahoma completely. This attack had beached and /or sank ships but damaged about 9 others. Aircrafts were destroyed and damaged.

The League of Nations was an organization created following the year after the concession of World War I in 1918. The purpose of this union was to maintain world stability and peace. The League of Nations was proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points and was considered relatively controversial. Congress had to vote upon whether the United States would join or not. Two of the Senators gave speeches, Senator Gilbert Hitchcock and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, advocating their parties’ views.

Pearl Harbor, the beginning of the war between Japan and the United States, was the start of dreadful war organized by Japanese aircraft. The attack was a withheld, destructive attack against the United State's naval base in Hawaii. This attack on December 7, 1941 was originally a plan to conquer the Dutch East Indies without being interrupted by the U.S. Pacific fleet. The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States, they wanted to continue their expansion, but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression. This terrible ambush resulted in the United State's entry into World War II. The aerial attacks were sent in two waves, this resulted in the sinking of multiple U.S. Battleships, Destroyers, Cruisers, and Auxiliaries, which led to thousands of U.S. personnel casualties and many wounded army, marines, and navy soldiers including many citizens.

Japan bombing Pearl Harbor left 2,403 Americans dead, and millions of citizens startled. Pearl Harbor is a naval base off the coast of Hawaii. After killing thousands of America’s military, the United States was forced to join World War II. Immediately after the strike, many Americans became anti-Japanese and had vengeance for years to come. Japan had many reasons for causing this national uproar. Many people believe the Japanese government bombed Pearl Harbor due to financial disputes, power gains, and safety precautions.

Japanese pilots took to the skies with mounted machine guns on bomber planes and thousands of pounds of explosives, and bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. For example, they took off with fighter jets and bombers, killing 2,403 people and wounding 1,178. Under the cover of a storm, the Japanese flew in and dropped thousands of 500g bombs, hitting and sinking 18 United States ships, 6 of which were aircraft carriers. In addition, the attack was unwarned, and it killed thousands of soldiers and civilians, crushing the spirits of United States citizens. It destroyed the naval fleet in port at Pearl Harbor, which damaged the U.S severely. Unknown to many, they also bombed the U.S Air Force base in Hawaii, incapacitating 300 fighter jets and cargo planes. Furthermore, this unwarned attack was a cowardly act and dropping an atomic bomb was completely justified. The unwarned attack killed thousands of people, soldiers and citizens alike. Use of nuclear weapons as

IT was an unannounced, brutal attack upon the United States naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This unexpected attack radically changed America and the rest of the world. Pearl Harbor was one of the greatest tragedies ever to Americans. This horrible act committed by the Japanese was enough to send the United States, which was neutral at the time, into World War II. As some people said this was the awakening of a "Sleeping Giant”.

This attack was unlike any other because usually battles were carrier to carrier, but this attack was aircraft to carrier, a strategy never tried before. The first wave was catastrophic. The U.S. Navy was not expecting an attack from Japan because we gas not actively been actively participating in the war. But we were dead wrong. In the month before the attack, 6 Japanese aircraft carriers sent off, ready to cripple the Pacific Fleet.

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was born in Plymouth Notch, Vermont on July 4th, 1872 and passed away in Northampton, Massachusetts on January 5th, 1933. His father was a prominent farmer and a member of Vermont’s senate and House of Representatives. With his father being a prominent political figure in his life, John Jr. grew an admiration for politics. According to History.com, He attended Amherst College at Massachusetts and studied law in hope of being a lawyer in Northampton, Massachusetts. He became a lawyer in 1897 and opened his very own law firm in 1898. In 1906, John Calvin was introduced as a member of the Mass. House of Representatives and later became the mayor of Northampton following his political success. In 1905, he married Grace Anna Goodhue and together they had two sons, John III and Calvin Jr., the latter of whom died from blood poisoning at an early age. Coolidge was brought into the public spotlight in 1919 when he was serving as the governor of Massachusetts. He encountered a dilemma with a number of police officers that were going on strike from work when they were unable to form a labor union. He stood by the police force and spoke out against the strike and his views led to his nomination as Vice President under Warren G. Harding.

The Vitality of Self-Reliance From his childhood, and through his presidency, Calvin Coolidge remained true to his values. By prioritizing his studies in college, and by his dedication to politics in Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge's constructed his reputation through hard work and self-reliance, and consequently paved his own way to the White House. Today, self-reliance remains relevant and vital to success because society functions around the amount of hard work imposed by a community and by people’s contribution to society. Calvin Coolidge’s most vital value is self-reliance, for self-reliance creates leadership and ensures perseverance.

On Sunday, December 7, 1941, at 7:55 a.m., hundreds of Japanese aircraft and warplanes launched from Japanese aircraft carriers located just off the West Coast of the United States. The mission was to initiate a surprise attack on the United States Naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, particularly targeting the lot of American Pacific fleet located at the base, hoping to weaken the American and Allied military support. The attack was very successful for the Japanese, leaving a devastating toll on the American naval base and American lives in general. During the airborne attack, the United States lost eight battleships,

On December 7th, 1941, Japan bombed the United States Army, Air Force, and Naval Bases, in Hawaii at Pearl Harbor. The next day on December 8th, 1941, the U.S. entered World War II declaring war on Japan as they provoked us to do so with their sneaky aerial attack. Behind the scenes of the extensive fighting, American