How Does Enzyme Concentration Or Temperature Affect The Reaction Time Of Enzyme Activity?

In this lab or experiment, the aim was to determine the following factors of enzymes: (1) the effects of enzymes concentration the catalytic rate or the rate of the reaction, (2) the effects of pH on a particular enzyme, an enzyme known and referred throughout this experiment as ALP (alkaline phosphate enzyme) and lastly (3) the effects of various temperatures on the reaction or catalytic rate. Throughout the experiment 8 separate cuvettes and tubes are mixed with various solutions (labeled as tables 1,3 & 4 in the apparatus/materials sections of the lab) and tested for the effects of the factors mentioned above (concentration, pH and temperature). The tubes labeled 1-4 are tested for pH with pH paper and by spectrophotometer, cuvettes 1a-4a was tested for concentration and cuvettes labeled 1b-4b was tested for temperature in four different atmospheric conditions (4ºC, 23ºC, 32ºC and 60ºC) to see how the enzyme solution was affected by the various conditions. After carrying out the procedures the results showed that the experiment followed the theory for the most part, which is that all the factors work best at its optimum level. So, the optimum pH that the enzymes reacted at was a pH of 7 (neutral), the optimum temperature that the reactions occurs with the enzymes is a temperature of 4ºC or

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Hypothesis: I believe the rate of reaction will speed up as the temperature increases until it reaches about 37oC, which is the body temperature, where it will begin to slow down and stop reacting. I believe this will occur because enzymes have a temperature range at which they work best in and once the temperature goes out of this range the enzyme will stop working.

As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.

As stated in the introduction, three conditions that may affect enzyme activity are salinity, temperature, and pH. In experiment two, we explored how temperature can affect enzymatic activity. Since most enzymes function best at their optimum temperature or room temperature, it was expected that the best reaction is in this environment. The higher the temperature that faster the reaction unless the enzyme is denatured because it is too hot. Similarly, pH and salinity can affect enzyme activity.

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

Enzymes are biological catalysts. They work by lowering the activation energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction. Enzymes work within an optimal temperature and optimal pH. Enzymes are highly specific for a single substrate. The Enzyme is usually much larger in size than the substrate it binds to. In some cases, an enzyme requires something called a cofactor to begin the chemical reaction. There were four different experiments that were executed in the enzyme lab. Experiment 7.1, the first experiment, was performed to test the effect of temperature on enzymatic

Introduction: Enzymes are protein catalysts facilitating the conversion of substrates into products (Alexander and Peters, 2011). They go through a whole chemical reaction which starts off with the substrate and then ends up with a product. The only way this reaction can be adjusted or not even work is if they end up going through some sort of affect which only temperature and pH levels can do determining the environment. When enzymes are in an environment that is too acidic or alkaline, their chemical properties, sizes and shapes can become altered (Magher, 2015) Chemical modification of proteins is widely used as a too; to maintain a native conformation, improving stability (Rodriguez-Cabrera, Regalado, and Garcia-Almendarez, 2011) In this experiment, four trials were conducted and recorded every 15 seconds for 5 minutes in order to calculate the optimum levels and IRV.

The effects of temperature, pH, specificity and cofactors of enzyme activity were tested. An enzyme is an organic catalyst that speeds up metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy in cells. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur and can be affected by altering the enzyme’s environment as shown during the experiments. When the enzyme is not at the optimal temperature or pH, then the enzyme may become denatured, inactive and lose its normal shape. The enzyme used was Lactase, which binds to the substrate lactose. A substrate is the reactant in the enzymatic reaction and binds to the contact region on the enzyme called the active site. Enzymes have three dimensional shapes

How does an enzyme affect reaction rates, and how does the acid affect the enzyme itself? In this most recent catalase lab, data both conclusive and inconclusive answered these questions. In the data collected, the major trend was when the hydrogen peroxide concentration (independent variable) increased, the reaction time (dependent variable) of the enzyme decreased. One of the data points did not follow this trend, and will be addressed later. Also, when the acid was added to the enzyme, the reaction still took place, rendering our data inconclusive. When a paper disk was taken out of the catalase for the first time, it was placed in 100% hydrogen peroxide, which reared quick results. The paper rose in 23.37 seconds, but for the majority of

Enzymes are proteins produced by living organisms that act like biological catalyst; they increase the rate of reactions. Within the pH value, the enzyme performs the chemical reaction at it's highest rate. Enzyme's activity might get influenced by several factors such as pH, temperature, and others. The most favorable pH at which the enzyme is the most active is known as the optimum pH , the optimum pH is neutral (7). In the following experiment, we will find how low pH affects enzyme activity. In order to understand how low pH affects enzyme activity, we will measure the enzymatic reaction when lowering and raising the pH of a substrate. In the experiment, we will use the enzyme catalase(yeast), which is an enzyme that allows the cell to

Each enzyme has a specific set of conditions under which it is most efficient, this is known as the optimum. A change in its certain optimum condition, can affect the enzymes ability to act on substrates. The main conditions which has the biggest effect on enzymes, is temperature and pH. If the temperature becomes too high,

Enzymes are globular proteins (see figure 1) that can be found in all the living cells. They can be used as biological catalysts by lowering the energy that the chemical reaction requires to occur. Certain enzymes only catalyze certain biochemical reactions and this property is known as enzyme-substrate specificity. Living organisms can produce many different enzymes. In order to further explain enzyme-substrate specificity, a basic knowledge about active sites on enzymes is required. An active site is where substrates can be bind to the enzymes and where the biochemical reactions are catalyzed. Active sites can be found on all enzymes. They are on the surface of enzymes and once the substrate fits into the active site successfully the biochemical reaction is catalyzed. After the products are released from the active site, the enzyme can be used again. As has been said above “Certain enzymes only catalyze certain biochemical reactions”. However, some enzymes can catalyze more than one biochemical reaction. This happens when the substrate is closed to the enzyme, and the enzyme changes the shape of the active site to fit the substrate.

reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow

To study the effects of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration there were certain steps that were followed in order to conduct this experiment. Each factor had a separate procedure to follow to find how each had a different effect on the enzyme.