James T. Russell and the Invention of the Compact Disc
James Russell was born in Bremerton, Washington in 1931. His first invention, at six years old, was a remote-control battleship with a storage chamber for his lunch. In 1953, he earned his Bachelor of Arts in physics and graduated from Reed College in Portland. Afterwards he went to work as a Physicist in General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, Washington. There he started many experimental instrumentation projects. He was one of the first to use a color TV screen and keyboard with a computer. He designed and built the first electron beam welder.
When the Bettelle Memorial Institute opened its Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland,
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He knew that if you could represent the binary 0 and 1 with dark and light, then a device could be produced that is able to read sounds or any other information without wearing it out and if he could make the binary compact enough he could store a bunch on a small piece of film.
Bettelle let him pursue his project and in 1970, after years of work, he succeeded in inventing the first digital-to-optical recording and playback system, the CD.
A CD is a simple round piece of plastic about 4/100ths of an inch thick, and 12 centimeters in diameter used for electronic recording, storing, and playback. Most of a CD consists of an injection-moulded piece of clear polycarbonate plastic. During manufacturing, this plastic
is impressed with microscopic bumps arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long spiral track of data circling from the inside of the disc to the outside. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective aluminum layer is put onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin acrylic layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it, and the CD label is printed onto the acrylic. The compact disc was first used for audio storage only, but are now used to store audio, video, text, and any other information in digital form, and are able to hold 783 megabytes in all.
The CD works, because binary information is
The turntable, also called a record player, was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison, who called it a phonograph. Later versions were called gramophones and Victrolas. By the late 1940s, high-fidelity and stereophonic sound were introduced, along with the vinyl LP. In the 1950s, because of these improvements, consumption of record players and records had sharply increased.
Hank Williams should be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame because he changed the face of country music at a young age, he is one of the most iconic country artists in history, and has many songs that are timeless; a lot of which are about relationship problems that he had. Hiram “Hank” Williams was born in September 17th, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama with a spinal problem called spina bifida; causing him to start drinking alcohol and taking drugs to relieve the pain when he’s older. Hank Williams’ parents are Lon and Lillie Williams. His father was a logger and entered the Veterans Administration hospital when Hank was six, he didn’t see his father much over
A very popular consumer item was the phonograph. It was first invented in 1877 but it was so expensive it took a while for the homes in america to get ahold of it , by the time of the 1920’s 7 million homes had their hands on one but they were still pretty expensive. The phonograph was a music recorder and to the people of america it was important because that's where most of their music came from either that other radio. It was referred to by many names like “talking machine” or “music machines” or its proper word “phonograph”. The most popular phonograph was called the “victor victrola”. Its inventors were Thomas Edison, Emile Berliner,Eldridge R. Johnson. The newer version of the phonograph that was produced in the 1920’s didn’t have
The development of the phonograph is similar to the development of the Audio Spotlight. The first rudimentary machine was for recording and playing back sounds. The way it all started out was using paper strips to make a record of telegraph messages. By attaching a needle to the back of the diaphragm and mounting it above rollers for the paper strips, then putting sound to the into the mouthpiece causes the diaphragm to move. After, this causes the needle to inscribe squiggled indentations into the strips. Last, the indentations would move the attached diaphragm, which should reproduce the original sound.
The invention of television did not happen overnight. Different experiments by various inventors and scholars immersed in the fields of electricity and rado resulted in the development of the basic technologies and ideas that later became the groundwork for the invention of television ("The History Of Television"). Paul Nipkow was one of the first inventors that had a huge impact on the future invention of television. Paul discovered television’s scanning principle, which is when the light intensities of small portions of an image are analyzed and transmitted. In 1884, Nipkow invented a rotating disk, with one or more spirals of openings that passed across a picture, called the Nipkow disk ("Paul Gottlieb Nipkow”). This invention
In Walter Van Tilburg Clark’s “The Portable Phonograph,” the author makes setting play a major role in understanding the action of the characters within the story. Clark, a writer and an English Professor, lived from 1909 to 1971. During that time, he lived through both World Wars at a relatively young age, which may have influenced this story. Clark has excellent use of setting to make the atmosphere needed and set the proper mood, so this story is credible. To accomplish this, Clark orients the reader to a unique place and time by use of the physical setting and human possessions, and uses symbolism to create a mood that gives the reader insight to how the characters must feel in
The great debate of the NBA in the 1960s centered around two men who revolutionized the game of basketball in their own contrasting and unique ways. Bill Russell was a quiet warrior with unparalleled intensity. He had one thing on his mind, winning. Everything else was secondary. Wilt Chamberlain was a once-in-a-generation athlete with an ability to seemingly score at will.
After a couple of “failed” attempts of making a device that could be used for mass sharing of music in the late 1800s, an immigrant from Germany had finally come up with an idea that would change everything. Chichester Bell (Alexander Graham Bell's cousin) and Thomas Edison’s idea to record sounds on round cylinders was a good idea except for the sound quality and general effort that was required to make and replicate sound. The Phonograph was one of the earliest attempts at recording devices. Thomas A. Edison wanted to create this device in order to assist with business interactions. He originally used foil to record sounds, but this wasn't the best medium. You could only play sounds once and the quality wasn’t the greatest. This is when wax cylinders came into play. It was eventually decided that the wax cylinder wasn't strong enough to record something permanently. Next followed the graphophone. This invention by Bell fixed the replay problem, but mass production of music would’ve been impossible because of the sheer amount of work involved in recording each cylinder separately (Bells).
CD? What is the value of the CD at the end of the year? Explain
The gramophone began to replace the phonograph (Bargfrede, Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). In 1903, Monarch Record Label brought the first release of pre-recorded music on discs records (Bargfrede, Mak & Feist, 2009, 4). While fighting over patents for these new technologies, producers such as the Columbia Phonograph Company and the Gramophone Company, gave little thought to the ownership of a performance contained on these mediums (Cummings,
It is an extremely difficult time for the Music Industry which began in the 1930 and
In the 1920s, the radio gained popularity (Dominick, 2013). The Radio Corporation America (RCA) began mass producing radios in the 1920s. The first commercial radio station was KDKA in Pittsburgh, PA. KDKA received call letters and began regular broadcasts. Sound quality and reception on the radio couldn’t compete against the quality of discs during the 1920s (Taintor, 2004). The recording companies fought back and introduced electronic recording using technology borrowed from their bitter rival, the radio (Dominick, 2013). The electrical recording was made by the use of a microphone instead of a recording horn ("Library Of Congress: 1 A Recorded Sound Timeline Compiled by the Recorded Sound Section Library of Congress", n.d.). The sound quality
The compact disc is already becoming less known and less used today. It is a circular, silver, disc with a hole in the center that stores data (mostly music and videos). Not only was the CD a great form of storing information, it gave people endless hours of entertainment. Whether the entertainment was movies or music, the CD was still a very important part of people's lives.
Practical, technical function: The transparent plastic, which exposes the mechanics of the record player, is unobstructed and makes the product understandable. The design is kept simple and honest, a minimalist approach. Through the use of little design, perhaps alludes to how easy and useful the product is.
One illustrious instrument that advanced media configuration is Farnsworth’s ambitious background. Philo Farnsworth, innovator at heart, was born August 19, 1906 in Beaver, Utah. Young Farnsworth grew up on a farmhouse in Rigby, Idaho. While tending to daily agricultural responsibilities on the farm, Farnsworth fantasized about conveying images through electrical power. “He said he had realized seven years earlier, while plowing a field on his family 's farm, that an image could be scanned onto a picture tube row by row” ("Elma Gardner Farnsworth, 98; Helped Husband Develop TV," 2006). Likewise, Farnsworth created electrical improvements to household appliances which became a favored pastime. According to Godfrey (2004), “By age 12, Philo was repairing the electric machinery around the