Learning Check

Material misstatement shall be treated and assessed by the auditors as significant risks. And the auditor shall gather an understanding of the entity’s

An accounting cycle is a process, or a series of activities, that consists of collecting an organization’s transactions at the end of a reporting period to prepare essential financial statements of a business (Fleury, 2015). The accounting cycle is a strict, methodical set of rules used to ensure the accuracy and conformity of financial statements (Investopedia, 2017). The steps involved with an accounting cycle, the roles each of the step facilitate, the impact of omission, and what financial statements are assembled from the accounting cycle data.

According to Financial and Managerial Accounting, the accounting cycle is the approach companies use to create their financial statements

#3. Inherent Risk Factors; audit planning decisions. Businesses that face extreme competition are susceptible to many inherent risk factors – the measurement of the auditor’s assessment of the likelihood that there are material misstatements in an account balance before considering the effectiveness of internal control. Complex valuation issues and related party transactions are two such factors that would affect audit planning decisions. Valuation issues may lead the audit team to request more evidence, if they choose to accept the audit at all. Risks such as inventory turnover leading to potential misstatements of inventory, costs of goods sold, or obsolescence of inventory may influence the audit firm’s decision to hire outside specialists to assist in the audit. Another inherent risk factor, client business risk (competitive

The auditor should have verified the accuracy and the existence of the figures that were appearing in the income statement as revenue. The verification of the sales system should include authorization of the sales and the accounts recording of these sales (Rittenbergm Et al., 2009). An audit on the sale systems involves ensuring that there is proper authorization of the sales orders, proper matching of customers to these orders, payments and the invoices and the records of goods outwards. An audit plan on revenue and sales system should include verification of any sales figure that appears at the end of the financial period as in most cases, there is a possible risk of fraud or wrong adjustment of figures. It would also include an audit on the sales ledger control

Merchandising inventory is goods that have been acquired by a distributer, wholesaler, or retailer from suppliers with the intent of selling the goods to third parties. (Accountingtools.com, 2015) When choosing the type of method to use for merchandising inventory it is important for the business to understand what type of services or goods that are being provided. This can offer a better insight to the proper and most cost effective method. When deciding there are four types of inventory cost methods to elect from.

1. Fraudulent financial reporting – reporting false financial performance and overstating the company’s earnings and falsifying the level of liabilities to attract investor’s contributions.

The overall process of recording and processing financial events in a business is known as the accounting cycle. The collective process includes ten different steps that begin with analyzing and recording transactions and ending with post-closing and trial balance is prepared. Through this paper it will be explained all the steps with examples of how the steps are implemented in real life business situations.

The cash conversion cycle measures the time between a firm spending cash and collect cash from the sales. The longer the time period the greater the potential need for working capital to support the firm. Generally, lower cash conversion cycle times are seen as favorable. The cash conversion cycle starts with Lawrence Sports purchasing the inputs for the goods they make from Garner Products and Murray Leather Works. The purchases will be on credit, and payment will be due at a point in the future. The goods are then made and shipped to Mayo, the payments to Garner Products and Murray Leather Works are due before the payments are received from Mayo, with Mayo creating further delays.

OSS generates revenue through activities that constitute their revenue cycle. The revenue cycle is simple for Jan’s store because the store directly exchanges the finished goods for cash in a single transaction between a seller and a buyer. OSS purchase finished goods and keep them in the storage room. Once the customers purchase products, they have to go to the register to pay. The clerk has to record the sales. For example, the first sale is the basketball with item # 201 and sold for $15 dollars. This is a transaction that clerk has to record. Therefore, the revenue cycle repeats for each item that will be sold.

The chief executive of the company was closely working with the vendors whose confirmations were vital in the auditing work and hence they could have submitted false confirmations. The auditing firm established a national risk management program for its clients and so national reviews were done to identify the high risk items in the financial statement. The vendor allowances were particularly high but they were not documented. As such, the auditors were supposed to demand for the documentations and compare them with the real figures. It is however noted that most of the documentations received were non-standard and this could have led to a different audit report given that vendor allowances were earlier identified as a high risk area. Inventory management was found to be poor especially in the allowances for inventory reserves. The audit firm was therefore obliged to carry out a thorough evaluation of the inventory reserves and determine whether it was reasonable. The valuation was also supposed to include all classes of inventory but for the case of the company, the evaluation excluded instances where no sales had been made. Hence, this evaluation could not accurately represent the position of the inventory reserve in the company. (Waters,2003)

Increase in the profits above the actual budget can be attributed to 20% increase in sales in 2009. Although Jean’s profits were above the actual budget, French Division’s earnings were much lower than what it could have been, had they budgeted for the actual volume of sales that they ended up selling. We can partly attribute this decrease in earnings to the fact

For anyone accountable for revenue and/or expense numbers, you tend to take your cue on these numbers from environmental pressures. I’ve observed managers who felt pressure to inflate revenue forecasts out of fear of being viewed as naysayers and poor team players, while at the same time, deflate expense numbers out of fear of being viewed as not having control over costs.

Looking at the balance sheet of firm A, we can notice several things right away. We can see that a large chunk (54%) of its assets is in cash and marketable securities. From this fact we can deduce that this firm does a majority of their business with consumers and not other businesses. On the liabilities side, we can see that the company has large percentages of accounts payable and long-term debt (37% and 41% respectively). When we put these pieces of information we can see how a department store can have financial data that is consistent with firm A. The majority of transactions would be cash sales; however the company still has some accounts receivables,

Transactions such as Purchases and sales are recorded in the period given under accruals concept.