Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

In addition to the WBS and in order to calculate roughly the PEP’s costs, the PMC will be using approximate estimate. The PEP’s cost is estimated by analogy to the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program, in Cleveland, OH, which has a similar scope of work and capacity (Shook Construction 2013) (Kerzner 2013, pg. 680). The total cost for the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program was $26 million; the Baldwin Water Works Plan Enhancement Program is 15 percent more difficult, taking under consideration the delicate work necessary for the renovation of the historical administration building. These result in an estimated cost of $30 million for the completion of our PEP (Kezner 2013, pg. 680) (www.shookconstruction.com). Finally, the PMC identifies two types of budgets: distributed budget is defined by the man-hours an required for the achievement of the tasks and subtasks established in the WBS, and the essential materials and equipment needed (i.e. 2,500 tons of 20” by 48” ductile iron piping, 48” electrically activated valves, PLC-Based control instruments, filter medias, slate shingles, crane, drillers, concrete, iron gunnels, masonry, exterior windows); management reserve of $3 million used in case of escalations in construction workers salaries, unforeseen delays resulting during

Life cycle costing is a technique that is used to assess environmental impacts that are linked with the product life stages from manufacturing to consumption that is from raw material acquisition to processing or manufacture, distribution, consumption, maintenance and repair (Epstein & Buhovac, 2014). It shows and some of the environmental concerns associated with the product life (Koroluk, 2012).

PROJ 592 All Discussions Week 1 - 7 Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-all-discussions-week-1-7 Product Description PROJ 592 Week 1 DQ 1 WBS Construction PROJ 592 Week 1 DQ 2 Project Cost Estimates and Assumptions PROJ 592 Week 2 DQ 1 Cost Components PROJ 592 Week 2 DQ 2 Estimating Processes PROJ 592 Week 3 DQ 1 Project Schedules PROJ 592 Week 3 DQ 2 Sensitivity Analysis PROJ 592

The cost of the stage depends on if it is already their or it needs to be built. It is a better idea to use a building with a stage already made then building a new one. There are many other cost relate to operations, again, these are related to what is already in the building. Other services like cleaning can be outsourced to other companies.

1.1 This report will provide guidance for the procedure of preparing an estimate for building works. It will include the factors that affect the overall cost of the project explaining them in general as well as explaining them on the example provided.

The AHRQ organization has several portfolios’ that are funded and supports research projects. Such portfolios are information technology, health patient safety, prevention and care management, and value portfolios. Within these portfolio’s, grants are there to fund new projects that relate to each category. Within each portfolio, research has been started and effectiveness of these projects is underway. Some clinical research projects are a set of priority conditions of importance to the Medicaid, Medicare, and SCHIP programs. Projected initiatives are to improve quality of care. The Value portfolio finds ways to reduce unnecessary cost and waste while maintaining or improving quality without adding cost which is a critical, national need (2012, p.5).

The cost, team size and LOC are measured on the bases of COCOMO model. It is a constructive cost mode. Effort of the project is calculated by the help of algorithm models. One of these models which are widely used is COCOMO model. For the cost estimation of any project, COCOMO (constructive cost model) is used. This model was developed by Boehm in 1981. There are three versions of the COCOMO which are listed below:

Presently, cost and quality in health care are both indicators that are benchmarked in determining best healthcare practice. Two organizations both work towards meeting these objectives in healthcare, The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), a public agency and the Commonwealth Fund, a private agency.

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is an important economic analysis used in the selection of alternatives that impact both pending and future

We are requested to assist the building with creating a method of construction cost data for client throughout the pre contract. The task of data collection is a difficult procedure and can be include to wide variations. Based upon our experience as quantity surveyors we chose to develop a cost data collection method. Our define construction line items and quantities for relativity building types.

To facilitate effective and accurate analysis including cost and construction scheduling. This would be done by using information extracted directly from models and created

Inventory analysis is the data collection portion of a LCA and includes a quantified list of all inputs and outputs involving the entire life cycle of the concerned system. LCI involves estimating the energy and materials consumed by the system, the energy efficiency of the system’s components, and the emissions to air, land, and water by variant processes and components of the system. The process of data collection is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive step of the LCA. The reuse of data from other studies can simplify the work; however, assuring the data are representative is essential. LCI can be utilized to discover improvement opportunities and determine life cycle stages that present the most and least detrimental impacts [4].

Manufacturing accounts for a large proportion of energy consumption, in fact, “it accounts for one-third of all the energy consumption in the United States” [1]. With the manufacturing industry, limited resources like oil and natural gases may be consumed to generate the large amounts of energy required. As a result of these processes, greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions may be generated during the processing of materials, and waste disposal may result in additional pollution to the environment. This can lead to harmful environmental consequences in the future. Fortunately, substantial improvements have been made, and manufacturers and consumers are showing great concerns regarding the energy and the environment, even if the results can be relatively costly.

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is the total lifespan cost incurred by an organization in purchasing, installing, operating, maintaining, and disposing off any equipment used in daily operations of the firm. In regard to this, estimation of LCC encompasses using a particular approach in identifying and quantifying components of an LCC equation (Pehnt, 2006). The use of LCC as an assessment tool when selecting possible design alternatives results in the provision of a cost-effective solution within limits of available data. In addition, a standard LCC comprises initial and operation costs, installation and commissioning costs, energy costs as well as disposal costs among others.

period (based on operating schedules and budgets) in terms of materials used, labor cost, and overhead cost, and then determining how much of this production, if any, was used to build up