Methanol Synthesis Lab Report

This is done through a change in temperature. Over time, two objects that are in direct contact will

The reaction created in the lab was a condensation reaction, specifically a fischer esterification reaction. This reaction is created by combination of a carboxylic acid and alcohol group with loss of water. A very noticible property of ester products are the oders they produce, which is usually described as fruity. For example, propyl methanoate is described as smelling like apples. Butyl heptanoate has a distinct sent of coconut. Also pentyl ethanoate has a banana scent when created. Lastly propyl butanoate is described as smelling like pears.

The specific aims of the experiment were to initiate the transformation of camphene to isobornyl acetate, and analyze a sample of the products using IR to confirm the presence of isobornyl acetate. The results from the IR analysis confirmed that there was isobornyl acetate present, though it was not overly abundant.

This practical report is based on the experiment of identifying the two alkanes used in the alcohols. The aim of this practical was to determine the type of alcohol A and B were by using their boiling points and the amount of carbons each alcohol had.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

Introduction Chemical reactions are affected by the acidity of the solution in which they occur. pH can determine whether or not the reaction occurs, and whether it occurs at an appropriate rate, and must thus be controlled. Biochemical reactions are especially sensitive to pH. Molecules contain a group of atoms that may be charged or neutral. Whether or not the molecule is charged depends on the pH, and has an affect on the biological activity of a cell. What is the standard pH inside a cell?

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid in many foods, including apples, cranberries, blueberries, and onions. Quercetin may have many beneficial biological properties like, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. There is also considerable interest in quercetin’s potential

During the last decade, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has gained popularity as an alternative treatment for depression and a natural remedy for reducing inflammation due to its especial chemical composition(1, 2). H. perforatum is a perennial herb of the Hypericaceae family native to parts of Europe and Asia (middle-east and other parts) and also has spread worldwide, including temperate regions of India, China, Africa, and some parts of the United States and is distinguished by its golden yellow calycles(1) . In addition, when flower buds are crushed, a reddish liquid would be exposed. This reddish liquid contains numerous compounds with biological activity such as phloroglucinols hyperforin, adhyperforin, the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, the flavonoids hyperoside, quercetin, rutin, quercitrin and isoquercitrin, and the dimeric flavonoids amentoflavone(3). Oily Hypericum preparations have been used for centuries as a medicinal plant to treat burns, wounds, alcoholism, dermatitis, neuralgia and myalgia beside its antidepressant, antiviral, and antibacterial effects(4-7). Nowadays,

The objective of Part 1 of this experimental procedure includes the isolation of a pure trimyristin from the mixture of compounds in nutmeg. The objective of Part 2 of this experimental procedure includes synthesizing myristic acid from the previously produced and collected trimyristin by hydrolysis. The myristic acid in its crude form will be recrystallized for purity. All products and compounds will then be tested for purity by taking their melting points.

sterilized the loop by heat and tube streaked 26A and 26B on the agar and then incubated at 37

Ethanol is usually recommended to treat methanol poisoning because the ethanol slows down the metabolization of methanol, until the methanol is eliminated from the body. Ethanol can delay the metabolization of methanol because they are both metabolized by antidiuretic hormone, however this enzyme’s affinity for ethanol is 10-20 times higher than it is for methanol. The second reason is that ethanol uses competitive inhibition to outcompete methanol and bind to the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase, therefore the methanol is excreted by the kidneys without being turned into

The oxidation of CH4 usually progresses to C02 and H20 because the intermediates are a series of highly reactive radical reactions and this makes partial oxidation of CH3 into CH3OH very hard. In addition, CH3OH oxidizes faster than CH4 and requires less energy for its oxidation. Industrial attempts to synthesize methanol from methane is usually done indirectly since the direct methods have low methanol specificity and yield. Current industrial methods for producing methanol involve making synthesis gas from methane and then catalytically converting it to methanol. Several methods are used such as steam reforming, and dry reforming. These methods require high temperature of about 800°C, the reactions are endothermic requiring lot of energy. The end-product of the reactions also requires intensive purification from impurities such as sulfur and other compounds. Finding feasible mechanisms for oxidation of methane to methanol cannot be over-emphasized because of the uses of methanol such as production of other chemicals like formaldehyde, acetic acid, for extraction of sulfur and most importantly as an alternative to fossil fuels.

Cold-tolerant fish have the ability to survive in freezing waters that would kill many other animals, due to them lowering the freezing point of water inside their bodies. This is due to the colligative property of freezing point depression, a process in which adding a solute to a solvent lowers the freezing point of the solvent. A colligative property is a physical property that depends on the amount of solute in the solution, rather than the nature of the chemical structure. The overall goal of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown

In this experiment, methyl benzoate was synthesized from benzoic acid and methanol with acid catalyze using Fisher Esterification. First benzoic acid and methanol were mixed in 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture in ice and poured 3 mL of conc. H2SO4 and swirled to mix compounds. Then we refluxed the mixture for 1 hour. We let the solution cool and then decanted into a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of water and rinsed the round bottom flask with 35 mL of tert-butyl methyl ether and added that to a separatory funnel. We shook and vented thoroughly and drained the aqueous layer which contained a bulk of methanol and H2SO4. We washed the solution in the separatory funnel with 25 mL of water, followed by 25 mL of sat. sodium bicarbonate

Flavonoids are found in many foods and beverages that are consumed regularly throughout the world. They are pigments found in plants and are a product of the metabolism of the plants (Liu, 2013). Flavonoids can be found in many fruits and vegetables as well as tea, coffee and red wine (Corcoran, McKay & Blumberg, 2012). The flavonoids protect the plant and give it color (Liu, 2013). Many studies are finding flavonoid consumption to be beneficial to human health as well. Research has found flavonoids can delay the onset or even prevent some cancers, cardiovascular disease as well as some neurodegenerative diseases (Huntley, 2009). Flavonoids can also be beneficial in the defense of other diseases