Museums Vs American Museum Essay

In the second story that I’ve read called Museums Preserve the Cultures of The World says that “sometimes museums agree that it is appropriate to return these items, but sometimes the other museums don’t return the items back to the right museums that

Historic treasures and artifacts are often donated to or purchased by other nations to place in their museums. Often museums are given the objects with full cooperation from the originating country, but sometimes they are stolen or given for protection such as in a time of war. When nations want the artifacts returned it can cause a disagreement with the other nations of who the rightful owner is.

The declaration begins with both a condemnation of current illicit trafficking of artefacts and a dismissal of objections regarding the circumstances of historical acquisitions. In stating that “objects acquired in earlier times must be viewed in the light of different sensitivities and values, reflective of that earlier era,” the directors dismiss the sometimes highly unsavoury circumstances that led to the acquisition of certain museum objects. (Declaration on the Importance and Value of Universal Museums, 2004) The ethical and legal aspects of acquisition are important considerations when

Museums have long served a purpose as cultural staples. For every museum, big and small, careful consideration is used in selecting its contents. When securing new items for a museum, it is most important to consider public appeal, educational value, and cost-effectiveness.

Countless art has been sought-after throughout history. Explorers, scientists, art collectors, politicians, and entrepreneurs from Western nations have sought out and removed art from the lands of great civilizations, often with the assistance and participation of local people and governments. Even as cultural property faces immediate danger today in conflict zones like Syria and Mali, there is circumstantial evidence that some nations are awakening to the political and foreign policy benefits that can flow from the repatriation of cultural patrimony. While on a different scale from World War II, historic structures, religious monuments, and other priceless ancient times continue to suffer collateral damage and manipulation in armed conflict. Relics have been stolen, smuggled and sold in what is a reported multibillion dollar underground market. They have become the illicit prizes of private collectors and the subject of legal claims against museums. Of the countless museums subject to legal claims, The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City happens to be one of them. “The Metropolitan Museum has acquired thousands of works and objects of art from the antiquities”. “For the past several years, the government of Turkey has warned U.S. and foreign museums (including The Metropolitan Museum of Art), that unless ancient objects from Turkish soil are given up on demand, Turkey will stop lending artworks” (The Committee for Cultural Policy, 2015). Turkey continues to up the

Overall, subjectivity is very important to this non-fiction article, it allows the reader to get a taste of what the museum may feel like, what emotions they may feel,

The interpretation and appropriation of culture within museums came under attack starting in the 1960’s. Native American groups raised questions about the biases and agendas of curators and museums and demanded that their voices be heard in the political arena. Many Native American organizations argued that if Whites are the ones interpreting and appropriating other cultures, then it is actually their culture on exhibition.(King 1998: 96, Stocking Jr. 1985: 88, Patterson 2014: 52). Deidre Sklar, a researcher of Native American artifacts, stated that: “Time and space in a museum, are defined in terms of the confines of the collection, not of the context from which [the collection is] drawn. Visiting hours from ten to five and the glass exhibit case define EuroAmerican, not Native American time and space” (Weil 2004:3). In response to this outcry, the Museums of the American Indian Act was created and signed on November 28, 1989, enabling the creation of the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI). The NMAI is arguably the most famous native-run institution and acts as a living memorial to Native Americans and their traditions (King 1998: 106).

Author Svensson of “On Craft and Art”, believes that by giving back artifacts of cultural importance it will mean better environments for it to be in, and become a tourist attraction for these countries so they could get more money. Svensson also thinks that for the indigenous peoples that now have museums could finally have something to attract more people and promote sharing of the artifacts between other museums(par. 1). Along with Svensson’s ideas there is also a problem with stopping museums from buying stolen artifacts and refusing to give them back. Henrik Bering noted, “The traditional museum concept of universalism, the British cultural-policy adviser Munira Mirza points out, is now associated with "imperialistic values" and the theft of other peoples' identity, for which there is said to be only one remedy: to hand back our ill-gotten gains”(par. 16). Some museums feel it necessary to keep artifacts because they believe they could provide a better more suitable environment for the ancients works, underestimating the country of origin. Having a bias towards themselves when the country of origin could do just as good, possibly better. Museums shouldn’t hold antiquities for ransom and instead give them back to share with, and help, the

Trustee Manuals which contain copies of Museum of the Ancient Egyptian Art 's mission, code of ethics, bylaws, collection policy, accession and deaccession policy, Museum’s acquisition policy, and strategic plan, as well as lists of museum’s staff, trustees, trustee committees.

In the past two decades, the interest in resolving the issues of Nazi looted art restitution reached new heights in the U.S., and there have been several federal actions and professional codes of ethics addressing the topic. Yet, they serve more as “soft laws” and sets forth no specific and binding rules regarding how to resolve the ownership dispute of such art. As illustrated below, U.S. art museums are urged to be self-regulatory based on these principles and guidelines, but failure to do so would result in no legal consequences.

Most conventional museums, the public had to go through lengthy galleries when ending their visit, with the sole aim of leaving” (Frank Lloyd Wright).

Christopher J. Duerksen defined historic preservation law as “a collage, cutting across and drawing from several other established areas of law: land use and zoning, real property, taxation, local government, constitutional, and administrative.” Its purpose is to safeguard the historically important public property by implementing national, state, and local governments to regulate private property that is of substantial public interest and historic value. In this section I will deliver the brief history of the historical preservation law in federal, state and to local government legislations from the beginning until today. Thereupon, I will add the routes implemented to protect the street art by countries other than the U.S. Furthermore, I will touch on the sections of historical preservation laws that are suitable for protection of the modern art and consequently, the street art.

‘Imagine you were in charge of a museum’s collecting policy. What would you chose to collect and how would you justify these decisions?’

This report targets the Romanian Government and it examines the positive and negative aspects of the free admission to museums policy which is considered to be implemented in this country. The main focus of this report is on how an increase in the demand for museum tickets will boost the economy of Romania, by allowing people to visit museums for free. Throughout the report, other examples of other countries such as the United Kingdom and Sweden will be used in order to explain how free admission to museums will have a positive impact on Romania as well.

As Howard (2003) suggests that maintain heritages empty and change it to museum may the available way in the future, even it might harm the benefits of operators.