INTRODUCTION
Network standards play an important role in networking. Without networking standards manufacturers of networking products have no common ground on which they can build their systems. Standardization of products can make or break networking products, many companies are hesitant to support newer technology unless there is a standardization base from which to work.
Different types of network standards include 802”LAN”, 802.3 “wired LAN” and 802.11 “Wireless” there is also the OSI model.
A network protocol defines a set of rules and conventions between devices. Protocols for a computer network usually use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets. There are different types of Protocols one
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A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a geographical scale, nearly all WANS are LANs that are all connected to each other. WANs are commonly connected either through the internet or special arrangements made with phone companies or ISP’s (Internet service provider). A wide are network is different from a metropolitan area network because of the distance between each of the networks as a MAN (metropolitan area network) only covers a small area like a city unlike the WAN which covers the geographical area. http://www.excellgroup.com/images/pic/WAN.jpg A WLAN (wireless local area network) provides a wireless way of communicating over short distances using different types of signals instead of using cables. A WLAN covers a small area like a house, office, school or worksite. There are a few advantages and disadvantages of a WLAN, one of the advantages are that is cover the area that you want it to be in as the WLAN will only be used in a small geographical area. There are a few disadvantages and they are, WLANs only cover a small scale, The network may be disrupted, for example if there are other wireless signals around that might disrupt the signal of the WLAN one example for this is a Microwave, the microwaves emitted by the microwave can disrupt other wireless signals.
Network Topologies
A star topology is a type of network topology, a workstation is able to send information
WAN(Wide Area Network)-Wan is 2 or more local area networks connected together.It is fairly expensive to set up but like the LAN it is very fast.There are many different ways of creating WANS”S like using VPN’s over the internet.A WAN is created when the users of a LAN frequently needs access to rescources of another
The most common type of network and the frames that come with it is Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), also known as:
There are 9 IEEE 802.11 services in total which can be classified into to categories:
The IEEE standards cover more than just Ethernet. The 802.3 standard actually builds upon the 802.1 network architecture standard from IEEE. Briefly define the 802.1 standard and what it provides. Use your textbook and the Internet to research your answer.
All stations are connected by cable or wireless to a central point, such as hub or a switch. If the central node is operating in a broadcast fashion such as a Hub, transmission of a frame from one station to the node is retransmitted on all of the outgoing links. In this case, although the arrangement is physically a star, it is logically a bus. In the case of the central node acting as switch, an incoming frame is processed in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link to the destination station. Ethernet protocols IEEE 802.3 are often used in the Star topology LAN.
LANs standards and protocols are Ethernet, IEEE 802.2 [IEEE 802.3, 100BaseT, Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 and FDDI.
Some of the networking basics are discussed below like TCP, UDP, TCP/IP, and OSI model.
3. Think generically about the idea of a networking standard, ignoring any particular standard or standards group. Which of the following is typically true of a standard? It exists as a written document / it has been passed through some form of review and approval or certification process
decided by this protocol. This protocol can be used to send data over various area networks like
The main topologies are Bus (All Workstations are connected to one line), Star (All Workstations are connected to a central hub), Ring (All workstations are connected to fellow workstations left and right of them) and Mesh (All workstations are connected to each other). A lot of topologies are designed to allow more workstations to be added at a later date. But a lot of topologies also have weaknesses, such as the Bus topology and the Ring topology, which would both break down if a node was to fail.
Local Area Network or LAN for short is the term used for computer networks located at a single location such as a small business located at a singular location. They are generally used for businesses, organisations and the likes to transfer data amongst their systems as opposed to transferring data to outside of their location. A LAN typically will rely on wired connections due to the benefits of increased security and speed, but a network called a WLAN exists, which is a Wireless Local Area Network and this may prove useful for those who come to work using mobile devices such as laptops, phones, etc. WLANs are simply local area networks that consist solely of wireless connections using a wireless access point (WAP) as the central hub. However, LANs can be a mix of both wireless and wired.Typically in a LAN, systems connected to the network are able to share resources among each other, send data to servers and use peripherals such as printers, scanners &
Wireless networking hardware requires the use of underlying technology that deals with radio frequencies as well as data transmission. The most widely used standard is 802.11 produced by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). This is a standard defining all aspects of Radio Frequency Wireless networking
Local area networks (LANs). DEFINITION The concept of local area networks (LANs) is not new. It represents a logical development of computer technology. With the advent of microcomputers in the 1980s many office workers began bringing their own disks into work, compromising data integrity.
The physical or network topology of a network seriously affects the network price, dependability, throughput, and approach pattern, etc, thus we want to contemplate these multiple criteria having totally different units, at the same time. However, normal ways of planning topology contemplate solely one criterion, e.g., minimizing the specified range of physical links. during this paper, we tend to propose a topology style methodology exploitation "average rank", that is calculated by averaging the ranks of all criteria. This methodology needs very little calculation and therefore the principle of topology analysis is basically straightforward. Through numerical analysis, we tend to show that this methodology will realize
All the computers, in the logically and physically networks have to follow the same rules known as Protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NETBEUI etc. Today, there are many computer networking technologies such as LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, ISDN, ATM, Frame Relay, X.25, Bluetooth,