Neural Plasticity And Memory Study

Have you ever wondered how the brain develops while we learn? Dr. Rita Smilkstein’s research on The Natural Human Learning Process was interesting. I now know the parts of the brain and how they work. I know now how we learn and how emotions have an impact on how we learn. As college students, we need to understand how our brains work and how emotions can help us learn successfully, since all college students should want to become successful people in their lives during college and throughout their lives.

According to (Woolfolk & Margetts, 2013), the brain begins to mature even before birth and it continues to mature throughout life. According to (Jetha & Segalowitz, 2012) all the brain functions do not mature at the same rate. A child with highly advanced verbal skills may develop gross and fine motor control more slowly and have trouble learning to write clearly (Jetha & Segalowitz, 2012). Learning differences are also related to genetics, temperament and environment (Thierry, 2008). As child born it has a function govern like their heartbeats, eating and sleeping.

Between the age of two and six years, the brain experiences a rapid growth. By the age of six, the brain is 90% developed as compared to that of the adult. However, the child lacks experience and knowledge. The brain becomes a trainee of what happens around them and imitates what is

drawn from this finding. One is that no shift from one hemisphere to the other has occurred

In America, Cocaine dependence is an issue which involves nearly every one in three drug related emergency hospital visits, having various personal and social economic impacts (Martell, Orson et al. 2009). Many individuals who suffer have been found to have impaired cognitive functions and manifest a myriad of biological and neurological dysfunctions. The relationship between cocaine and cocaine dependence on brain physiology is its effects on particular brain regions and receptors leading to synaptic plasticity mediating altered ability of learning and consolidation [pic](Martinez, Narendran et al. 2007; Thomas, Kalivas et al. 2008; Mameli, Halbout et al.

We sincerely thank the reviewers for recognizing the innovation and novelty in our proposal and the significance of the proposed research in understanding the role of lncRNAs in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. We are excited that only minor weaknesses were pointed out by Reviewers 2 and 3 and that there were no major criticisms by all three reviewers on this revised R21 application. Because we know very little about lncRNAs and their function in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, our studies will bring novel insights into the role of lncRNAs in the mammalian brain. Importantly, our systematic dissection of the function of lncRNAs in sub-regions of the hippocampus will have a major impact in our understanding of synaptic plasticity and memory storage as well as on mechanisms of drug addiction.

Great news, video gamers! Video games not only provide entertainment but also, can stimulate the hippocampus, by promoting the formation of memories. When adapting to a new environment, our hippocampus depends on neuroplasticity. This is because our hippocampus recognizes when there is a slightly altered image, environment, etc. However, over time, our hippocampal memory starts to weaken. In this study by Clemenson & Stark (2015), they explored whether 3-D video games will stimulate the hippocampus and lead to an enhancement in memory formation and neuroplasticity as people age.

Memory is the blueprint of an individual’s growth and development. Experiences that are repeated are often taken for granted, such as learning to walk and learning to speak and write to express oneself, become encoded to ensure a smooth flow of information that help us adapt to the environment (confusing sentence). However, children’s exposure to environmental stressors, depending on the exposure frequency and intensity, may impair the normal development of memory in children. This paper will evaluate the role of child maltreatment in the changes of children’s memory function. In addition to exploring the effects of maltreatment on the physiology of the primary brain structures that are involved in the functions of memory, the paper will also

Brain development may be one of the most important things that happen in a child’s first few years of life. The experiences and environments children grow up in dictate how and how much child’s brain will develop. Stress, threats, and traumas have very negative affects during the vital stages of brain development and need to be reduced or stopped all together.

A strong memory, depends on the health and vitality of the brain. Whether you're a student, studying for exams, a professional interested in doing all you can to stay mentally sharp, or a senior looking to preserve and enhance your grey matter as you age, there are lots of things you can do to improve your memory.

The brain begins to nature even before birth. It does not nature at the space rate for everyone. Even you have a class same age group every child is different. Teachers need to be aware that children develop at different space and rate.

This short essay will look at the brain’s relationship with aspects such as pain and happiness, and to conclude to what extent does a correlation exist between the two.

The hippocampus refers to the segment of the brain, which is involved in the formation, organization, and storage of memory. It is a structure in the limbic system, which is significant in the formation of new memories and the connection of senses and emotions to memories. Such senses include smell and sound. The structure assumes the shape of a horseshoe paired structure. As such, one hippocampus is located on either side of the brain; the right and the left hemisphere. Structurally, the hippocampus performs the function of memory indexer. It sends memories out to the proper portions of the cerebral hemisphere for purposes of long-term storage (Wills 375). It then retrieves this information upon demand. Directionally, the hippocampus’ location is inside the temporal lobes, which lie close to the amygdala. The long-term memory, which forms the main duty of the hippocampus, is symbolic of an amalgamation of data in the conscious memory of human beings. It also forms the memory collected from experiences and knowledge.

Memory formation takes place in the nervous system and these memories are mediated by gene expression where long-lasting changes take place between neurons in synaptic connections. In 1949, Hebb postulated, when two neurons are activated at the same time, strengthening of synaptic efficiency will result in the appropriate synapse (Lynch, 2004). Since then efforts have been channeled into understanding mechanisms responsible for synaptic strengthening refereed to as long-term potentiation (LTP), which has also been investigated for its link to memory formations and has become an emerging model for memory encoding. Several areas of the brain play a role in consolidation of learning and memory, however LTP is most easily demonstrated in the hippocampus, an area of the brain believed to serve as a holding store for memories (Abraham et al., 2002). Scoville and Milner (1957) reported, treating a patient (H.M) suffering from epilepsy and psychosis with bilateral hippocampal removal, resulted in anterograde amnesia and a grave loss of recent memory (Lynch, 2004). Further studies showed repeated stimulation of hippocampal neurons induce prolonged increase of LTP (Frey and Morris, 1996), highlighting the importance of memory and the hippocampus. The three well-described characteristics of LTP are durability, associativity and co-operativity and input specificity (Lynch, 2004).These support LTP as a biological substrate for multiple forms of memory. The wider clinical implications

Chapter 2 is centered on the early attempts to identify the brain’s components of emotions. Key researchers that are discussed are a Cornell neuroanatomist, James Papez, and aforementioned physician and neuroscientist Paul MacLean, who worked at Yale and the National Institutes of Mental Health. Together, this pair of researchers conducted seminal medial temporal lobe lesion experiments. The resulting idea was that the emotional brain is composed of a set of interconnected structures in the core of the brain. MacLean dubbed these structures as the “limbic system”. The function of the limbic system and it relationship to emotion was widely debated by many researchers.