P4 - Describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
M1 – Explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
D1 – Analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
Antagonistic Pairs
Antagonistic Pairs are a pair of muscles working together to allow coordinated movement of the skeletal joints. Muscles can only exert a force and do work by contracting. An example is the antagonistic pair of muscles used in bending and straightening the arm. To bend the arm requires the biceps to contract, while the triceps relax. If the arm is to be straightened, the reverse happens. The individual components of antagonistic pairs can be classified into extensors and
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To perform isokinetic contractions expensive equipment is needed that increases the load as the muscle contraction speed increases.
Fibre type
Muscles are made up of small fibres that contract making the whole muscle contract. There are three types of muscle fibre; Type 1, Type 2a and Type 2b. All individuals have a combination of all fibre types and their combination of fibre types is genetically determined. Different parts of the body have different combinations of fibre types.
Type 1
These are the smallest of the muscle fibres. These will be red in colour as they have a good blood supply and will also have a dense network of blood vessels. They also contain many mitochondria to make them more efficient at producing energy using oxygen. They contract slowly and also fatigue slowly suiting them best to aerobic endurance activities such as the 10,000m. These fibres are most effective during the middle part of the race when the athlete has found a constant speed, allowing the muscles to work for longer, as they are not being over-exerted. This is because they give there energy over a long period of time allowing the athlete to run for a sustained period of time. They are also slow to fatigue because they have an incredibly high aerobic capacity, meaning the athlete will be able to run long distances without feeling tired. To be able run a long distances, the
P4 - explain possible priorities and responses when dealing with two particular incidents or emergencies in a health or social care setting.
You have LLa fibers is where this makes it resistant to fatigue this is lesser than type 1 fibers. It just like the slow muscles fiber and the same features as the slow muscle fiber. But it activities it middle distance to running and to swimming. The LLB fibers is the large-scale movements of the body segments. This are paler in the small enough amounts to the myoglobin. The fibers are being rich with glycogen and phosphorylases to where the poor to the mitochondria and the oxidative enzymes. You can get fatigue easier with this fiber than the other two fibers. The glycolytic respiration is where the fast fibers can be very quick and quite easily to get fatigued. It has about the same as the others but it need for the sport like sprinting. This fiber does fewer in the blood capillaries and the mitochondria. But has the large enough amount of glycogen. The body is made up of three fibers. The muscles have some fast-phasic contractions to be dominance of the type 2 fibers and where the tonic term contractions are the dominance of the type 1 fibers. Single motor unit in where the skeletal muscle has the same in material in that is contain one type of
The expansion in size of muscle is alluded to as hypertrophy. The "pump" one feels from a solitary activity session is alluded to as transient hypertrophy. This fleeting impact is inferable from the liquid aggregation, from blood plasma, in the intracellular and interstitial spaces of the muscle. Conversely, interminable hypertrophy alludes to the expansion in muscle size connected with long haul resistance preparing. Increments in the cross-sectional territory of muscle filaments range from 20% to 45% in most preparing studies (Staron et al., 1991). Muscle fiber hypertrophy has been appeared to require more than 16 workouts to create huge impacts (Staron et al., 1994). Furthermore, quick jerk (glycolytic) muscle fiber can possibly indicate more noteworthy increments in size when contrasted with moderate jerk (oxidative) muscle fiber (Hather, Tesch, Buchanan, and Dudley, 1991).
Slow twitch fibers (red) respond to training by contracting slowly gradually releasing energy that is required when sustained to endurance activities such as jogging, swimming and cycling. Fuel (ATP) is generated by oxygen warding off fatigue. Training allows the increase of Mitochondrial function resulting in an efficiency of oxygen intake used to produce ATP. Aerobic training is used to increase efficiency by using oxygen intake. Slow twitch fibres are unable to produce the power exerted in fast twitch fibres. Slow twitch fibres (White) contract quickly but burn out rapidly due to anaerobic metabolism required to exert the energy needed. These fibres are used in activities such as sprinting and weightlifting. With the use of anaerobic training
As discussed in paper one, readers can see the complexity that lies behind muscle fibers and the contractile units that make up each muscle cell. At the normal physiology level, muscle fibers exist as complex bundles of small muscle filaments. These filaments, known as actin and myosin bind in such a way that allows for sarcomere contraction. In assistance with calcium flowing into muscle cells, proteins known as tropomyosin and troponin ultimately allow “cross bridging” to occur. Throughout the body three types of muscle fibers exist, these types of fibers are slow oxidative, fast oxidative and fast glycolytic. Activation or recruitment of these fibers varies from person to person depending on the muscle specificity needed to perform a given contraction. In other words the innervation of each fiber depends solely on the muscle needed to engage in a specific exercise. By first knowing the anatomy behind a muscle cell one can then have a better understanding of the effects training has on muscle cell hypertrophy.
Each type of muscle has a different structure and plays a different role in the body.
Muscles have a mixture of two basic types of fibres. These are fast twitch and slow twitch. (Muscles, 2015). Fast twitch fibres are capable of developing greater forces as well as contract faster and have a larger anaerobic capacity (Muscles, 2015). Whereas slow twitch muscles developing slower forces, are able to contract and maintain muscles contractions for a longer period of time. (Muscles, 2015)
Muscle Functions are to shorten and contract causing manipulation of external environment, movement externally and internally, provides heat and helps with posture. The body has more than 600 muscles, each of which consists of fibres that can contract which results in movement. The muscles of the human body can be divided into two main types: skeletal muscles and smooth muscles and third kind of muscle, cardiac muscle which is found only in the heart. The simplest motions entail intricate coordination’s of muscles, all controlled by the brain via the nerves. Some muscles, like the ones with in the intestinal tract and blood vessel walls, work involuntarily (not under our conscience control), so we are not aware that the muscles are being used. Muscles also provide some body warmth. Muscles require oxygen for fuel and regular use to remain conditioned. Muscles convert chemical energy into heat and movement. Conditioned skeletal muscles perform better, and prevent arthritic changes in the joints and spine that are common with
Most of these contractions you will need specialised equipment to measure the rate of the consistency of the work out. A practical example of isokinetic contractions would be bench pressing at a low weight but a high repetition, this would be isokinetic as you would need to do it at a constant speed so therefore you would need it at a suitable weight to do these contractions correctly. If you had it at a high weight you would get worn out and start struggling at the end of the set of repetitions. An everyday example of isokinetic example would be doing your teeth as you would be doing it at the same pace and contractions and shortenings would take
1. Isotonic Contractions: these are contractions that make the body muscles change length, which results to movement of body parts.
The Muscle tissues is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement. There are three types of muscle tissues skeletal which is attached to the bones, cardiac found in the walls of the heart, and smooth found in the walls of the tubes and hollow organs.
As muscles can only pull they must work together to as antagonistic pairs, this is where one muscle contracts and shorten (Concentric) while the other relaxes and lengthens (eccentric) in other to allow the movement to occur, this is known as an isotonic contraction. The voltotary muscles are also capable of an isometric contraction this is where the muscle/s are contacting but no movement is occurring for example in a ski sit or Rugby scum. Muscles are also able to undergo an Isokinetic contraction where by the muscles contract and shorten at a constant speed.
One indicator of life that has continually been examined is motion; whether it has been external or internal it is better understood in the body as muscles. Muscle analysis and locomotion dates back to ancient history. Today there is a more in depth modern understanding of muscle types, movements and contractions. Both scientists and everyday fitness enthusiasts debate over knowing how different types of motion and muscle contractions effect muscle function and structure. Interestingly there are studies that either support or dispute the various types of muscle contractions for building strength and muscle hypertrophy. Every day we use our muscles and with an in depth look into how they work will lead to understanding which way to train our muscles for optimal results.
Muscle tissues are found attached to the bones, the walls of hollow internal organs, and the heart. Their main function involves movement. These tissues react to a stimulus called muscle fibers. When these muscle fibers contract, they pull at their attached ends and this is how we move different parts of our body. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle tissues are found in muscles attached to bones. Smooth muscle tissues are found on the walls of hollow internal organs. Cardiac muscle tissues are only in the heart.
Muscles are made up of muscle fibers. These muscles fibers are activated electrically and have to be insulated from each other by connective tissue wrapping called epimysium. This is a wrapping which prevent the muscles from all firing or contracting at the same time. These fibers are tube-like and run the length of the muscle. They are grouped together in packages of fibers called muscle fascicles. The muscle fascicles are bundled together by a connective