Predictable Stages Of Life

Early childhood is the most important phase of development in one’s lifespan as the experiences during childhood sets the course for later stages of development. It has been noted that a mother’s actions during pregnancy may influence the development of an infant. The developmental influences include prenatal, perinatal and neonatal environments. (Santrock, 2002) Although babies come into the world with no say or control over which family they will be placed into, or the environment in which they will begin to live in, theorists agree that the first two years are crucial, with early emotional, physical and social development influenced by the infant’s biological and environmental factors (Sigelman, Rider, & De-George Walker, 2013). The

The purpose of this paper is to discuss one of the tasks of family development and the life cycle theories. The task I chose was assuming mutual responsibility for child care and nurturing.

The poem Prayer before birth illustrates to us the innocence of a foetus and how society affects children growing up in the world. The title of the poem suggests and introduces to us that the poem is about a foetus praying for guidance and support through life and hints that the poem is a “prayer”. Although as the poem wasn’t written by a child but in the perspective of a child, it may also be a prayer for safe delivery of a baby from a mother or father. To introduce the idea of the poem being a plea from a foetus is shown through the repeated statement of “I am not yet born” at the start of each stanza.

The sensorimotor stage infants develop their schemas through sensory and motor activities. Followed by the preoperational stage where children begin to think symbolically using words, to represent concepts. Next concrete operational stage children display many important thinking skills, like ability to think logically. Finally, formal operational stage young adolescences formulate their operations by abstract and hypothetical thinking. Piaget’s theory provides ample and insightful perspectives, so it remains the central factor of contemporary

There were numerous powerful testimonies and striking findings noted throughout the and first two chapters of the book Birth Matters by Ina May Gaskin. As a health care provider, and therefore someone who is entrusted to care for individuals during their most private and sacred times, I found Gaskin’s statements regarding the environment and care surrounding birth experiences very impactful. According to Gaskin (2011), the “women’s perceptions about their bodies and their babies’ capabilities will be deeply influenced by the care they recieve around the time of birth” (p. 22). The statements made by Gaskin in Birth Matters not only ring true, but inspires one

If the mother is not available for that special attachment then the infant could attach to a mother-substitute, this attachment relationship is the prototype for all future relationships. Forming this special attachment is believed to build up an internal working model or to help them template for their future relationships. The internal working model can be changed as the infant develops new types of relationships to others, contact and attachments with a variety of people can lead to a fully developed internal working model. The internal working model is the vital part of forming

Most of the housewives nowadays would likely to seek for a job in order to earn a living for the whole family, and it leads to a result of keeping infants at day care services. However, some critics argue about the sense of insecurity may be formed due to day care which may affect children’s mental well-being negatively, and directly links to the attachment theory. Bowlby (1953) define attachment theory as a long-lasting affectionate psychological bond in human beings, especially strong in the attachment between infant and mother. It is significant that the attachment and the day care would seriously affect the development of children. Therefore, this essay is aimed to illustrate how the attachment theory relates to the early day care, and whether it brings positive or negative influences to the infants and what would be resulted at the end of the effects. First, the stages in attachment theory would be stated, then, explain the linking of day care and attachment through the insecure stage

Parenting involves a lot more than just fathering or mothering a child. Often times, genetics don’t play a role in parenting at all anymore. Someone who parents is merely a person who takes on the responsibility of raising a child from a young age to adulthood. This can be through birth, adoption or foster care. Due to the large scale shift in society and offspring over time, I will be using the term “caregiver” to signify any person who consistently cares for a child throughout the rest of this paper. Regardless of the title used, each person ultimately performs the same duties involved with parenting and it is no task easily achieved.

Bowlby (1951) believed that the first 5 years were the most important in child’s development and separation in this stage of the child life could be traumatic, a child considerably and could affect the future development of the child. Furthermore, he argued that the first years were critical in forming attachment. In this period the would have a strong need to be constantly with the mother. If this wasn’t present or there was a lack in continuity of care, it would contribute to what was meantioned early in this essay “ Maternal deprivitation”. In addition, he considered that attachment was most likely to be provided by the natural family than by someone

His ` attachment theory” is largely focused on the infant’s and their caregiver’s affectional ties and the

The concept of infant-mother attachment is as important to the child as the birth itself. The effect this relationship has on a child shall affect that child for its entire life. A secure attachment to the mother or a primary caregiver is imperative for a child’s development. Ainsworth’s study shows that a mother is responsive to her infant’s behavioral cues which will develop into a strong infant-mother attachment. This will result in a child who can easily, without stress, be separated from his mother and without any anxiety. Of course the study shows a child with a weak infant-mother relationship will lead to mistrust, anxiety, and will never really be that close with the mother. Without the

Maybe an adjustment disorder resulted from the loss of father, in that according to Piaget’s theory of development, a 5-year-old child already formed a stable attachment (Palombo, 1981). When RH’s son was 11-year-old, one night he ran out of the house. Also, Simons and Robertson (1989) emphasised the influence of parental factors on children behaviour, e.g. RH’s work condition as a nurse. This seemed to be a turning point which entailed that RH to change her approach to cope, i.e. to be more problem-focused oriented by changing career in association with more values’ shifting. Power (2004) highlighted that many parents incline to protect their children. Thus, RH considered career change to fulfil her role as a mother, giving more consideration to develop her emotional intelligence. One way by solving the inherited conflict of receiving and giving support, where Brown,

Perception of childhood, has many cultural influences. These influences have social and medical routes many questions come to mind when individuals become caregivers and guide a child into toddler hood. Expectations from friends and family encourage patterns of behavior for parenting, for example the connection of the “time out”, this this related to to shame and doubt in a child’s development. Often, overlooked is the topic of discipline and long term factors such a early introduction to daycare, verses homeschooling.

127), is one that has a much larger impact on the child. Based on a journal article written by Fu and Markus (2014), a parenting practice of interdependence between the parent and the child, may better benefit a child under pressure as compared to the practice of individuality of the child himself (p. 746). This shows that the practice exercised by parents does have a huge impact on the child’s emotional and socio well- being (Fu and Markus, 2014, p. 745). Commonly known parenting practices would include ‘talking to the child’, ‘having infant oriented goals’ and ‘planning ahead for the child’ (Willingham, 2013, para. 5). Hence even though Amy Chua has applied a parenting method of ‘planning ahead for the child’, in which she thinks ahead for her child’s future, her approach is not ideal. Making use of her authority as a Mother, she makes life decisions for her child (Chua, 2011b, para. 17), resulting in her daughter’s defiance over the years (Chua, 2011c, para. 4). With this, it can be concluded that it is not the parenting style that affects the child, but the parenting methods adopted by the

In this paper, I will analyze the parent–infant interaction of a family of four members comprising of father, mother and two daughters. The mother is a physician in the referral hospital. The mother is a hardworking woman who is obsessed with perfection. She is specialized in pediatrics hence aware of many developmental milestones in infants. The youngest daughter is one and a half years old whereas the firstborn daughter is four years old. For this assignment, an observation of the younger kid was done in the apartment where the family lives.