The mean value of subjective well-being has been shown to be between 70-80% in normal persons from a meta-analysis of general population surveys (Cummins et al., 2002). One of the earliest QOL researchers in mental disorders in US is Lehman. He reported low QOL for schizophrenia in 1983 (Lehman, 1983). QOL of schizophrenic out-patients have been shown to be lower than other general practice patients in Japan and Singapore (Kunikata, Mino, & Nakajima, 2005; Tan, Choo, Doshi, Lim, & Kua, 2004). It has also been established that patients with BPAD declared to be in remission still continue to have low HRQOL (Michalak et al., 2005). Studies in Portugal also inform of significant impairments in QOL of schizophrenia (Brissos et al., 2008) and …show more content…
However, Chand et al have used only 20 normal controls in a comparative analysis, which may not be enough for regression analysis. This might be why their study shows no significant difference between QOL of PMDs and normal controls. Yen et al finds on controlling for age, the difference in QOL between BPAD patients and schizophrenia patients disappears (Yen, 2008).
From the above discussion at least two things can be said to be certain. BPAD patients have higher QOL in the physical domain and psychological domain than schizophrenia patients. The social QOL seems to be poor for both groups of patients.
2.5 Literature review of socio-demographic and clinical factors influencing QOL
In the following paragraphs, an attempt to group several related independent factors affecting quality of life is undertaken. Wherever possible these socio-demographic variables, clinical variables are linked with evidence from literature to reduce conjecture.
2.5.1 Age, age of onset and gender, duration of treatment, number of admissions
There is a higher prevalence of mental disorders among women (Poongothai et al., 2009; Shaji et al., 1995). Studies have reported higher disease prevalence among elderly (Shaji et al., 1995). In a study in 1996 in Ernakulam, not only was the prevalence of mental disorders among women higher, this difference became more significant after the age of 60 (Shaji et al.,
Armstrong, D., & Caldwell, D. (2004). Origins of the concept of quality of life in health
Fazel, S., Khosla, V., Doll, H., Geddes, J. (2008). The prevalence of mental disorders among the
The aspect of BPD that drew me towards it was the notion that it is a more widespread mental illness than people think, often tied down to difficulties in diagnosing it due to crossovers with other illnesses such as depression which uses similar diagnosis criterion from the DSM V. In fact BPD affects 50% more people than Alzheimer’s disease and nearly as many as schizophrenia and bipolar combined (2.25%). There are a number of treatments available including new advances in epigenetics meaning a potential for more effective medication, as well as ' talking therapy ' treatments such as schema based therapy, metallization therapy and dialectal behaviour therapy which I am going to evaluate in order to decide according to scientific evidence and application what the most effective treatment for BPD is at present. The most effective treatment will be decided upon a
Quality of daily life is a major factor that in presented in this article. Burd-Sharps and Lewis agree when they write:
There hope is to diagnosis and treat the illness at hand. This article questions the validity of diagnosing each patient. If the doctors or the nurses’ diagnosis is wrong then, the treatment will also be wrong. This can create complications for all parties at hand. Most often there is protocol that most doctors have to follow when diagnosing a patient “However, it should not be forgotten that they are all using same diagnostic manual, and probability of diagnosing a person is in depression with same instructions.”(). Now this makes a person question whether the validity is of the doctor or the protocol. If it is the protocol than that is something that needs to be evaluated. At the time the DSM system was in use for diagnosing a patient. At the time of this experiment Rosenhan used the DSM-II statistical evaluation. Years later this statistical data was look over, “According to Mattison, Cantwell, Russell, Will (1979) general inter-rater reliability of DSM-II was about %57 and %54 for axis I in DSM-III. In DSM III, which is published twelve years later after first version of DSM II, reliability scores of psychosis, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, and mental retardation was slightly higher than general reliability scores; however, as it is accepted today with the circumstance of logical base, reliability under 0.7-0.8 is found questionable and possibility of error is
Ethically there was concern, that the level of deception involved, could have caused detriment to future patients, since the embarrassment from the initial study had a direct affect on the judgements of genuine patients. The reliability of these results may be questioned, as the participant numbers were relatively small; however they were valid as the results showed a strong correlation from each of the hospitals investigated. Rosenhan’s studies have been a catalyst towards further research into schizophrenia, especially since they were ecologically valid.
Schizophrenia is a disorder of varying symptoms, in fact until the current edition of the DSM-V this disorder was broken into subtypes such as catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual. There many facets of schizophrenia such as auditory hallucinations, delusions, social isolation, as well as intense suspicion or agitation, each of which contributed to the previous subtypes of schizophrenia. Today, individuals with schizophrenia are assessed severity of symptoms rather than by classification.
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by a variety of symptoms and the disorganization of feeling and thought. It is an incurable disease whose causes are unknown, yet whose effects are mind and body crippling. (Young, 1988, p.13-14) This topic was chosen because it is interesting to study a disorder that worldwide, is viewed as a classic example of madness and insanity. Another reason of interest is because unlike many illnesses, schizophrenia doesn't have a noticeable pattern and its difficulty to be diagnosed as a disease makes the collection of statistics difficult. It is important to learn more about schizophrenia because a significant numbr of people are affected everyday
Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied (4), Quality of working life, remains
Moreover, BPRS is an instrument for measurement of personal affective symptoms including positive and negative symptoms, especially used for psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. The significant meaning of BRPS can evaluate the improvement of treatment from comparing the recent score to the last score (CMHSR measures collection). In addition, BPRS has recognized to value distinctly in terms of documenting the treatment efficacy for patients with moderate severe disease (CMHSR measures collection).
Mental disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's society as people add stress and pressure to their daily lives. The elderly population is not eliminated as a candidate for a disorder just because they may be retired. In fact, mental disorders affect 1 in 5 elderly people. One would think that with disorders being rather prevalent in this age group that there would be an abundance of treatment programs, but this is not the case. Because the diagnosis of an individual's mental state is subjective in nature, many troubled people go untreated regularly (summer 1998). Depression in the elderly population is a common occurrence, yet the diagnosis and treatment seem to slip
The trials success rate is going to based off of a scale. “The main aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of administering the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL), reported to have the best clinometric quality rating, content validity, construct validity and internal consistency of reviewed quality of life questionnaires.” There will be a randomized, controlled trial that will last three weeks. Patients will be assigned into two different groups, the control group and the experimental
An adult individual has been chosen to provide an overview and look at the determinants that affect their health. For the purpose of this essay, the individual will be referred to as George. This is to maintain the individual’s confidentiality and anonymity; therefore, a false name has been used. Consent has been gained to base this essay on the individual.
One limitation of the study is its design. Because the study is correlational in nature, cause and effect relationships cannot be established. The study also did not take into account the social support of the patients and their
The World Health Organization defines quality of life as a person’s perceptions of their position in life in the setting of the culture and value systems in which they live in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns (Krageloh et al., 2011). The WHOQOL-100 was developed by the World Health Organization composed of many different doctors and other healthcare providers in order to develop an assessment that could be used internationally and cross-culturally to measure a person’s overall quality of life and well-being, instead of a specific disease. This assessment led to the development of the WHOQOL-BREF, which is an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100 because the WHOQOL-100 is too lengthy for practical use; WHOQOL-BREF includes instructions for administering and scoring the assessment. The purpose of this assessment is to provide quality assessments in healthcare, focus attention on all aspects of health, and produce interventions that increase focus on a patient’s well-being (Harper, 1996). There were three main stages to the development of the WHOQOL assessment. The first stage of development consisted of the establishment of a definition of quality of life and how the assessment would be used internationally. The second stage of development explored the quality of life cross-culturally among different fields to establish relevance to the quality of life assessment. The third stage of