Reliability of Statistics Today most of us live in a world surrounded by data. Everything that we do calculates findings to supply data for statistical findings to show that it is either wrong or right. Statistics is not a new process in our lives; it has been around for close to 400 years from the history I was able to find discussing statistics or probability. The oldest date found was identified by Stigler (1999 p. 207) were he explained that in 1628 a William Harvey released a study on the motion of blood and the heart. The study, which consisted of statistical facts, proved that blood passes through the body by the pulsation of the heart. To us in today’s world that does not sound like a great discovery. However, to a world that did not know the method of how the blood flowed through the body, it was a great achievement. Without identifying the research as being statistical, we can go back even farther to find that one of the items possibly found in your garden today is actually one of the oldest known timekeepers in the world, the sundial. “The sundial existed in a very primitive form in Egypt from at least the 15th century B.C.” (Bigliazzi, Spaans, Dunaud, & Juran, 1995). Discovery of one of the earliest specimens of a sundial was in Greece in which dated back to the third century B.C. In Greece, they studied the mathematics of the sundial, which in turn led to improving the accuracy of the timekeeper. In order to establish and improve the accuracy of the
Due to financial hardship, the Nyke shoe company feels they only need to make one size of shoes, regardless of gender or height. They have collected data on gender, shoe size, and height and have asked you to tell them if they can change their business model to include only one size of shoes – regardless of height or gender of the wearer. In no more 5-10 pages (including figures), explain your recommendations, using statistical evidence to support your findings. The data found are below:
The development of the scientific method in the late 1500’s to the early 1600’s was a crucial stepping-stone in the science community. The scientific method is based upon observations, hypotheses and experimentation. The concept is rather simple, and can be applied to many areas of study. Once an observation is made, the observer can make a hypothesis as to why that phenomenon occurs and can then design an experiment to prove whether or not that hypotheses is valid. Although the scientific method has been extremely useful in the discovery of various things from usages of medications to studying animal behavior, there are still those who question the usage of this tool. These critics claim that since
(1) A study of the number of cars sold looked at the number of cars sold at 500
Research results tell us information about data that has been collected. Within the data results, the author states the results are statistically significant, meaning that there is a relationship within either a positive and negative correlation. The M (Mean) of the data tells the average value of the results. The (SD) Standard Deviation is the variability of a set of data around the mean value in a distribution (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2013).
It sounds like using the stratified random sampling would be a good choice for using a particular group of people. In stratified random sampling the individuals conducting the research know some things about the community that is providing date such as age, gender, ethnicity, and medical diagnosis. This is also a good option when there is a time restraint to obtain the information that is being gathered. The survey would also have to be ensured it is written in a way that the average person can clearly understand the question to get a proper answer.
Assuming unequal variances, the two sampled t-Test was applied on the data sets of female and male shoe sizes with the alpha value of 0.05. The null hypothesis was that the female and male shoe sizes have an equal mean while the alternative hypothesis was that female and male shoe sizes do not have an equal mean. With the degrees of freedom being 27, the t-statistic is -8.16. The probability that -8.16 is ≤ -1.70 is 4.5×10-9 for the one-tailed test. Also, the probability that -8.16 is ≤ ±2.05. is 9.1×10-9 for the two-tailed test. Given that both probabilities are under the alpha value of 0.05, the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted at the 95% confidence level.
Read the directions and write answers independently. 1. (L.2) Choose the sentence with correct capitalization and punctuation. A. Mrs. Brown catches the bus at the corner of Elm and N. Grove.
In order to receive full credit on calculated answers, please show your work. (Use Word's equation editors, etc., and/or provide a short written description as to how you obtained the final result.)
A pharmaceutical company is testing the effectiveness of a new drug for lowering cholesterol. As part of this trial, they wish to determine whether there is a difference between the effectiveness for women and for men. Using = .05, what is the value the test statistic?
In How to Lie with Statistics (Huff, 1954), Darrel Huff deciphers statistical examples and explains the means of deception that statistics and statisticians sometimes use to relay false information. Huff also conveys an underlying message of don’t believe everything you’re told, something him and my mother have in common. At first glance, a reader might think that this book will teach people how to actually lie using statistics, but that is not the case. It gives the reader a glimpse or a behind the curtain view of how easily it is to be deceived using numbers and how it is slyly achieved. Ironically he calls the book How to Lie with Statistics almost to tease his audience that the content in this book is not as it appears. To my utmost surprise, I actually rather enjoyed this book. It was a fairly simple read that was filled with new information and showed me how to look closer at statistical figures in the future. The humor was spot on so much, so that I even chuckled aloud occasionally. For the icing on the cake, I even expanded my vocabulary to learn fun words such as rotogravure.
of the same interest that is measured at the same time, where one person has received
c.)Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the above obtained mean starting salaries.
Why does the sampling distribution of the mean follow a normal distribution for a large enough sample size, even though the population may not be normally distributed?
number 23 out of 30 top salaries in the league, they also had 96 wins
Major League Baseball is known as America’s favorite pastime, and MLB teams spend an extensive amount of money in the excess of a billion dollars with the ultimate goal to win the World Series. This learning team’s focus throughout this descriptive statistics paper is the MLB players’ performances, salaries, salary caps, and winning percentages. Though salaries will by no means be a trade for wins, the goal is to use the less experienced players and pay them a lower salary. Research has been done on whether or not player’s salaries and wins are connected.