Romania’s Post Communism Accounting Practices and The Effects of Adapting IFRS for SMEs Abstract Romania, located in southeastern European, was heavily influenced by the Russian Soviet Union as a socialist republic between 1947 and 1989. With becoming a capitalist country in 1989, its accounting practices began its transformation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Romania accounting practices post its revolution. The paper discusses three major accounting practice conversions made in Romania post communism. Included in this paper are comparisons of previous practices and the implications presented within each practice; along with the pros and cons and many challenges that are associated with the …show more content…
Romania adaption of a French Accounting System was based on a close relationship based on similar economic and social environments. During this time, the French Accounting System was limited and based solely on converting from a cash basis of accounting to an accrual basis. By 1996, Romania’s rapid economic improvements had surpassed that of the simplicity presented in its current French accounting system and began to transform. Anglo-Saxon Accounting Approach Beginning in 1996, Romania joined the Accounting Systems Development Program. The program created by the British government, provided assistance to the Romanian Ministry of Finance through consulting services. In joining the program Romania was required to meet certain conditions. Albu et al.’s (2011) reports describes the conditions as followed: The funding came with several conditions: the application of International Financial Standards (IFS) by several large companies; the requirement to be audited against IFS and International Standards of Auditing; the requirement for the Ministry of Finance to issue guidance for the implementation of IAS; and the creation of the institution responsible for the activity of financial auditing (p.159). In 1999, Romania’s involvement in this program resulted in the harmonization of European Derivatives with an IAS influence, making up the Anglo-Saxon accounting approach. In the study of Deaconu and Buiga
The three procedures of accounting and bookkeeping assist an individual in recognising the most effectual use of capital incomes, gauging the properties of the cost controls across their finances. The accrued economic data is collected into usable data facts and reports are summarised for their decision-making procedure. By recognising and gauging costs, individuals can transfer capital to advance productivities and decrease costs.
The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and practice. Presently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significance of these two boards, it is necessary to understand their histories, relations between the boards, and the standards that they set. Also how the knowledge of these boards and the field they lead, gained through the masters of science in accountancy
Literature review. The economic integration and globalization processes increased the need for accounting standards to be more reliable (p21 McCarthy, M., & McCarthy, R. (2014).). The accurate determination of income and
As the complexity of our financial economy develops it is important that our accounting standards progress in accordance. Accounting is very important to the development of the global and local economies. Accounting is basically the gathering, summarizing and presenting of financial information of an entity to interested internal, external and possible investors. This information should be presented in a non-bias way so that other people are able understand.
Why do we study comparative accounting? Countries around the world have different aspects such as taxation, legal systems, culture and colonial influence that differ the way accounting is reported. Ultimately the need for fair presentation is the final objective to comparative accounting. Thousands of years ago when accounting was first practiced, each country practiced financial reporting according to the power and strengths in their country, regardless of how accounting was reported in neighboring countries. Nowadays, because the world is becoming more globalized and harmonized, standard-setters feel the need to report their accounting in a uniform way. The International Accounting Standards Board [IASB] was formed as a non-for-profit
In the modern business today, there is no more manual accounting. Instead a lot of companies and businesses all over the world are trying to use and adapt by having an accounting system that is computerised, less hassle and fast processing.
This article is useful to my study because the article addresses similar problems in some aspects which I am studying in accounting theory subject. That is the management accounting innovation. The article helps me understand the reasons which will change the accounting practice could be from the inside organization where the role of accountants increase. At this point, I improve my understanding about what is the distinction between accounting history and current accounting and explaining why accounting theory needs to be changed in relation to a change in other subjects.
This written Comprehensive Professional Portfolio is comprised of individual and group tasks which are to be completed within tutorials and will require further work and writing up outside of the classroom. These set of tutorial activities extending till the end of the session, are intended to take you through a learning journey of exploration and development. They have been specifically designed to incorporate not only a real-life perspective to your university learning but also to further enhance graduate capabilities such as your ability to engage in critical, analytical and
This article encompasses several different audiences. Perhaps the most significant one is the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The authors believe that the FASB’s conclusions revolved around incorrect interpretations about the simplicity of the indirect method and the complexity of the direct method. In consideration of this assumption the author’s believe that FASB should readdress the issue of reporting requirements concerning the statement of cash flows. Another large audience for this article is the field of accounting education. The authors conclude that accounting
This paper is about accounting, describing how accounting has changed over the last ten years. How much the salaries have changed as well. An accountance gets paid more now then before; it is also one of those jobs now that more people are going for. The accounting professional that’s adding value today is a business partner with all the other stakeholders in that company. Today people take their taxes to an accountant instead of doing their papers. That’s how the demand
The Burns and Scapens framework for analyzing managerial accounting change was built on the study of old institutional economics, which sees "economics as a process of social provision, subject to multiple and cumulative causation." This view culminates in a model that argues that the managerial accounting practices at institutions are subject to a process of constant change, influenced by routines and rules. The institutions contribute to these routines and rules, but so do actions on the part of managers within the institutions. By combining multiple influences over time, we arrive at modern managerial accounting practice. In other words, Burns and Scapens tells us that managerial accounting practice changes over time, influenced by a number of factors including rules, routines and actions.
In this text, I discuss a number of accounting concepts and terms. In so doing, I also explain the accounting equation and the various accounts that belong to each component of the equation. Further, I point out those considered the key audience of financial statements as well as other groups who may be interested in the information contained in financial statements.
This article introduces the International Financial Reporting System (IFRS) rules and practices, to the Czech Republic. The IFRS is a financial reporting system was established in an attempt to maintain stability throughout the financial community. Despite the conflicts with other countries’ accounting systems, the IFRS attempts to organize one financial standard system for businesses to report their financial statements. This article examines the relationship between domestic and global standards of accounting. The concept of developing a modern accounting standard in the Czech Republic, implies that most companies in that country are not willing to change their accounting standards.
Accounting is one of the oldest social sciences disciplines whose development has been affected by a variety of historical, economic, social-cultural and institutional factors. In essence, although the discipline is currently harmonized across different nations, accounting systems have been influenced by different national traits, a factor that also influenced the differences in accounting systems at the international level. In general, the accounting systems in use in different countries have developed as a result of different influential factors in each jurisdiction. Regardless of the jurisdiction, however, a number of key factors are generally agreed to have influenced the development of the accounting discipline. The most common
The modern business environment has evolved considerably during the past 10 years. Business technology tools have advanced up to levels which were practically impossible before. Today, Accounting is called “the language of business” because it is the source where all financial information comes from. However, Accounting is based on certain rules which all accountants must adhere. These rules are based on the Accounting standards and Accounting concepts. They form the framework and are the guidelines for good accounting practices.