Ruh2 Synthesis Lab Report

My participation in the SURC conference will allow me to practice sharing the findings discovered in my research in Dr. Ferreira's lab for the investigation of the photoredox catalysis. This practice will be valuable for my growth as a researching scientist, who will be practicing research and presenting the work to others in the future. Attending this conference would enable me to continue practicing this pertinent skill in the realm of research. My involvement with the conference would be great practice from the usual presentations in the lab group meeting as I must be able to articulate the purpose and data to scientists, who may be unfamiliar with organometallic catalysis and the efforts towards synthetic method development. This topic of research was not widely represented at SURC the previous year, and the exhibition of my research would add to the overall diversity of the types of research presented at SURC.

Ruthenium is a transition metal; it’s in group #8 and period #5. Ruthenium’s atomic number is 44 and its atomic weight is 101.07. Ruthenium’s melting point is 2607 K and its boiling point is 4423 K. Its density is 12.1 grams per cubic centimeter and it’s a solid at room temperature. Ruthenium is an exceptionally rare, solid, clear, frail, polished white metal that does not fade at room temperature. Ruthenium can exist in numerous oxidation expresses, the metal is unaffected by air, water and acids. It responds with liquid soluble base and shining light and can oxidize dangerously. The element’s name ruthenium comes from the Latin word Ruthenia; which comes from the country of Russia. Ruthenium was found by Karl Karlovich Klaus, a Russian physicist, in 1844 while breaking down the deposit of an example of platinum mineral acquired from the Ural Mountains. Obviously, Jedrzej Sniadecki, a Polish scientific expert, had created ruthenium in 1807 yet he pulled back his case of revelation after different researchers neglected to repeat his outcomes. Ruthenium has a tendency to happen alongside

Chemistry Department do plenty of research connect with Energy and Catalysis. This is one of the seven highest priority area at University of Liverpool. Currently they open new centre for innovative energy research. In this institute chemists collaborate with different scientist.

Thousands of known chemical reactions occur in living things, in industrial processes and in laboratories. To more easily predict the outcome of chemical reactions a basic system of classification was put in place for chemical reactions. The system categorized the reactions into five different groups Synthesis, Decomposition, Single-Replacement Reaction, Double-Replacement, and Combustion reactions.

A catalytic route to ammonia from dinitrogen has been one of the most intensively researched areas of chemistry in the last 50 years. Nitrogen gas constitutes 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, and is easily accessed through the fractional distillation of air. Despite this enormous potential for use as a chemical feedstock to synthesize ammonia, the inert nature of elemental nitrogen makes it extremely difficult for most practical purposes. Currently, ammonia is synthesized via the Haber-Bosch process, which uses nitrogen, hydrogen, and an iron catalyst at an excess of 200 °C and 300 atm. The enormous energy demands of this process consume approximately 2% of the world’s annual energy supply. Despite this high cost, the Haber-Bosch process has been invaluable as a chemical process over the last century because it has solely allowed the agricultural industry to keep up with the rising food demand of the modern world by enabling the large scale production of nitrogen based fertilizers. Still, a more efficient route to ammonia would remove a huge burden from the worlds energy supply.

In 1961, Vaska and Diluzio synthesized a lemon-yellow compound known as the organometallic complex trans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]. This was achieved by reducing iridium(III) to iridium(I) using just triphenylphosphine and an alcohol. This was significant because they had prepared an iridium carbonyl complex without the use of carbon monoxide. This complex has reversible dioxygen coordination, but more importantly, it is extremely reactive with acids, halides, and dihydrogen yielding stable Ir(III) addition products. The discovery of this Iridium complex meant that laboratories across the globe could now easily create, in one step and several hours, an air-stable compound that could undergo oxidative addition reactions. Also, the reaction could be monitored by watching the carbonyl C-O stretching band in the IR spectrum and NMR spectroscopy later on. Because Vaska’s complex was so stable, its reactivity was limited. The complex serves as an excellent molecular platform for defining how oxidative addition reactions make homo- and heterogeneous catalysis a reality. While the term “oxidative addition is a staple in inorganic chemistry and catalysis, the step transition metal Lewis basicity is almost never seen.

Thousands of known chemical reactions occur in living things, in industrial processes and in laboratories. To more easily predict the outcome of chemical reactions a basic system of classification was put in place for chemical reactions. The system categorized the reactions into five different groups Synthesis, Decomposition, Single-Replacement Reaction, Double-Replacement, and Combustion reactions.

Robert H. Grubbs is a key figure in chemistry, known for his Nobel prize winning work on the involvement of ruthenium catalysts in olefin metathesis reactions. This was an extremely important synthesis due to the popularity of olefin metathesis in the chemical industry. The efficiency of the catalyst in standard conditions was a great bonus or relatively small expense. The only real competitors to the Grubbs catalysts have are Schrock catalysts, which are examples of Schrock alkylidenes. Molybdenum and Tungsten based catalysts have the edge in the conversion of sterically demanding substrates, but generally have lower activity. A professor named Amir H. Hoveyda and his group managed to develop the Hoveyda-Grubbs first generation catalyst, which is another useful olefin metathesis catalyst, despite its increased cost and slower reactivity due to its increased stability over

Abstract: Rutin (R) is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants having biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antimicrobial, etc. In this work we have analysed the interactions of rutin with normal human hemoglobin (HbA) using UV-Visible spectroscopy, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling studies. Specific interactions of the flavonoid, Rutin, with human hemoglobin has been confirmed from flavonoid-induced static quenching which is evident from steady-state fluorescence as well as lifetime data. Molecular docking study reveals that apart from hydrogen bonding and

The control over chemical reactions is of greatest interest since early times. The four basic well known variables that are capable of controlling chemical reactions are temperature, pressure, concentration and contact time.1 Therefore in 19th and early 20th century’s high temperatures and pressures were employed in order to achieve reasonable production rates in most industrial reaction processes. Unfortunately these harsh conditions were associated with several disadvantages and problems. Because they are energy intensive, corrosive or otherwise damaging to equipment and materials and nonselective-results leading to undesirable side reactions and side products.1 Sudden breakthrough occurred with emergence of catalysis which is a phenomenon where chemical reactions are accelerated by small quantities of extraneous substances referred to as catalysts.2

One of the biggest challenges facing the world today is the shortage of fossil fuels for energy production. Finding solutions to energy production that can be man made will benefit future generations and improve the quality of life in our country as well as the lives of those abroad. In America we use the greatest amount of energy per person of any country in the world. Even though we have tried to cut energy consumption and greenhouse gas emmission since the 1990’s we have steadily increased use. Since it is becoming more and more clear that American refuse to forgo creature comforts in order to help restore the environment we must find alternative energy sources that do not pollute the environment. Chemistry can provide

“Although hydrogen is an alternative to fossil fuels, it formation, storage and conversion to electricity as facing technological challenges. However, in the use of water as a renewable resource to produce hydrogen, the uses of nanocphoto catalysts have shown promise.,” argued Karunaratne,

Pd-Ni/Al2O3 systems were investigated in the reaction of hydrogen oxidation in terms of their possible application as catalysts used in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) used in nuclear power plants. Testing experiments, were carried out in a flowing system at different temperatures and humidity of the reaction mixture. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher response to the increase of temperature and higher resistance to inhibiting water than the monometallic palladium catalyst. They showed excellent stability during a few tens of hours, similarly, like their monometallic counterpart. Our bimetallic catalysts of hydrogen oxidation can be used as cheaper alternatives to catalysts based on the precious metals in the hydrogen oxidation without loss of their activity over time.

The goals of this research plan is to (1) synthesize electrocatalysts based on active sites of enzymes (Hydrogenase) for hydrogen recycling; (2) do catalytic studies to understand the suitability of the catalysts; (3) focus on the rational design of fuel cell using newly made electrocatalysts; (4) develop a strategy to attach the catalysts to the electrode surface; (4) setup collaboration with engineering and other departments to meet fuel cell development goal; (5) bring financial support from industries and national funding

To catalyze redoxreactions like oxidation and hydrogenation, transition metals are often used. For example nickel such as Raney nickel for hydrogenation, and vanadium (V) oxide for oxidation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide by the so-called contact process. Palladium, platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, or iridium is