Introduction:
Security is a central concern in the study of international relations (IR). Yet despite being the focus of considerable scrutiny, few agreed conceptions of security exist (Buzan, 1991; Huysmans, 2006; Terriff et al., 1991; McSweeney, 1999; Morgan, 1992; Croft 2012; Smith 2000). Buzan even goes as far to posit that the very conception of security is “essentially contested” and thus poses an unsolvable debate (Buzan, People, states and fear; Little, ideology and change, p35). These disagreements have created rifts in the security community over what can be threatened and indeed what can even be considered a threat. Part of the complexity to the subject is derived from the numerous opposing and often contradicting theoretical perspectives within international relations itself, of which security is a sub-field (Terrif et al. 1991 – Security studies today). This paper thereby seeks to trace the various theoretical strands of security studies with the hope of elucidating how and why Islam, and Muslims immigrants have been increasingly portrayed as a threat and ‘Otherised’ in Britain.
The ‘Golden Age’ of Security Studies:
For the latter half of the Twentieth Century, the dominant school of thought related to security was neo-realism. Stemming from works produced by Hobbes, Thucydides, and Machiavelli, followers of the neo-realists paradigm sought to see the world for what it was, rather than what they wished (Crawford 1991; Terrif et al., 1991). Established in 1979
Barry Buzan offers five explanations for what he terms as ‘the persistent underdevelopment of thinking about security’. The first possible explanation is that the idea has proved too complex to attract analysts, and has therefore been neglected in favour of more tractable concepts. The domain and contradictions of security have not been adequately explored. A second explanation lies in the real
It answers, as far as it can, questions as “Is Islam against the West?” and “Who defines moderate Islam post 9/11?”. In one of the case studies presented in the book, the author discusses the impact of 9/11 has had on British Muslim Identity, giving an overview of the presence of British Muslims, then looks at 9/11 and the impact it has had on the British Muslim community.
Every able-bodied male should serve at least four years in the United States Armed Forces
Annotated bibliography Bellamy, Alex J., Security and the war on terror, 1975-, 2007 This author is a university lecturer in the University of Queensland. He is a professor of peace and conflict studies and seems like he has a very broad amount of knowledge in the area of different wars including war on terror. His book security and the war on terror are pushed towards readers who care about the security of their country and the war on terror. ‘This edited book recognises a fundamental issue: while major crises initially tend to reinforce old thinking and behavioural patterns, they also allow societies to challenge and overcome entrenched habits, thereby creating the foundations for a new and perhaps more peaceful future’ .
It is important to clarify that this is not an unique and unite theory, but instead it differs from scholar to scholar because each one have a different focus. With the emergence of new non-state threats that not only affect States but also individuals, like terrorism, the need for a new approach capable of offering new responses was indeed needed, following a post-positivist way (Malik, 2005). In the last years the wake up call to rethink security as a concept was the 9/11 attacks, giving to critical theory an opportunity.
August 29th David Cameron the prime minister of Great Britain talked about terrorism in the UK along with the entire world” (Jones 1).David Cameron said the issue cannot be concluded by grievance.Cameron targeted ISIS as their main target, and said “A battle between Islam on the one hand, and extremists who want
In the world today, a lot of terrorism activities have been witnessed with thousands of innocent people being victims. This has led to a belief shared by many that Muslims are generally terrorists. This may have come due to the fact that a lot of terrorism activities are carried out by Muslim extremists but that does not qualify everyone practicing Islam as a terrorist. An article by Pritchard (2015) indicated that a lot of British Muslims feel that they are often associated with actions of extremism and little attention is given to the positive actions they participate in. Of course, in some ways, the fact that few
The United States faces several national security challenges. For one, it has seemingly lost its leadership role in space activities. Other countries, such as China, are ramping up investments in space, while “NASA’s budget is at a historic low as a share of the overall federal budget.” Return on investments in space technology has benefitted the civilian space program and the military alike. U.S. military operations and intelligence collection rely on space systems and “access to these capabilities must be assured”. Ironically, there is a concern of congestion in space with over 60 nations and government consortia operating satellites in addition to academic and commercial operators. There is an increase of anti-satellite testing
And in the movie, we can mainly define two subjects of the security: the states and the people. However, it might be possible to add (or at least not to ignore) some other subjects such as the companies in the age of a globalized capitalist
Epidemic and disease outbreak in Guatemala have not in the past caused an issue of displacement. The challenges that Guatemala faces with an outbreak would be more a factor of their healthcare and security systems that they have in place. Although Guatemala’s focus has been on having individuals participate in their own healthcare, it is still lacking (Ruano et al 94). The struggle of private verses public security is also an issue when it would come into a crisis situation. Guatemala would rely on outside assistance from foreign countries in order to properly treat and secure their citizens. Guatemala would be left vulnerable to a major epidemic without help from outside sources, because of the lack of support of healthcare and security provided.
"Security is everyone’s business" Which is the point I would like to conclude with at the end of my essay? Yet the assignment poses two questions, the first highlights the term 'Security Management' which is fundamental towards the second question that focuses on the importance in identifying the proportionate and appropriate balance between the right security measures to the right threat. I would like to at first give my interpretation of 'Security Management' by discussing each word on their own merits before moving onto the latter.
In an instance when one’s life is challenged due to an unfortunate event, survival competence must be considered. In the case that a group of terrorist’s planted a nuclear device in a London apartment building, public security must come up with a plan that resolves the situation without causing a great amount of harm to the city. After monitoring the group of terrorist’s, the police decide to bring one of them in for questioning. They believe that the terrorist knows where and when the bomb will go off but if he refuses to talk or give any information, the terrorist attack will be a success and the bomb will go off. Since there is not enough time to evacuate the city, the police considers using a torturing technique that will force the
Explaining the rise of Muslim violence by the percentage figures in the societies to which they migrate - Dr Peter Hammond, Slavery, Terrorism and Islam: The Historical Roots and Contemporary Threat.
Task: Write a 5-6 page essay on the most important national security threat facing your country today. First, explain what the national security threat is, including its root cause(s), and provide background information on why and how this threat developed. Next, analyze the impact and effects this national security threat has had on your nation and the region. Finally, explain how your country has reacted to this national security threat and how its response could be more effective.
In any case, cash talks. Numerous merchants of security have learned to their misgiving that despite the fact that individuals gripe about deficient security, they won 't spend much cash, penance numerous elements, or endure much drawback all together to enhance it. This firmly proposes terrible security is not by any