Effect of Conditioned Response on HR Student’s name Institution Abstract This report is based on an experiment to investigate the effect t of a tone conditioned stimuli to heart rate. The study used 56 participants mean age 24.20 years where 15 were male and 41 were female. The study was purely experimental where the participants were subjected to a specified tone either at rest or when hopping and then were asked to count their heart beat rate using the palpation method. The experiment took place in three phases- pre-test, training and the post-test. Heart rates results for each participant was recorded in each phase and the mean heart rate was calculated for the pre-test and post-test. Results indicated higher mean rates and standard deviation for post -test in comparison to the pre-test. A sample t-test was also carried out for pre-test vs post-test mean hear rate measurements. Analysis of the results showed that tone conditioned stimuli led to increased heart rates. Effect of Conditioned Response on HR A conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning can be defined as a learned response in relation to a previously neutral stimulus (Domjan, Grau, & Krause, 2010). It is a learned reflexive response that is evoked when one is exposed to the same response (Schreurs, Smith-Bell, & Burhans, 2011). While there has been an increasing acute awareness in relation to the interactions of heart rate with conditioned responses, can heart rates really be altered through
In the case of,” 7 year old Antonio, after recovering from a bad flu, at a nearby hospital, would notices having stomach pain, when passing the area of the hospital.” Therefore, Antonio, experience, a case of the Conditioned Response (CR); in this case a learned connection and associations with being in the hospital, feeling sick with the flu, which is a general process, acquisition. Yet, has a Conditioned Stimulus (CS), “ During acquisition, the neutral stimulus begins to elicit the conditioned response, and eventually the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus capable of eliciting the conditioned response by itself.” OpenStax College. (2015). Learning. In Psychology (chapter 6)
The career that I have chosen to pursue is Human Resources Management. When I started out on the path of “what I want to be when I grow up” I started in a completely different line of work. I wanted to be a Nurse when I graduated high school. I enrolled in college and I worked at a children’s hospital. After a while I started getting burned out by working long hours and on the weekend and I started to wonder if this was the right career that I wanted to continue with. I was offered a position at a staffing company that tailored to physicians and nurses and I
Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov had done experiments on dogs showing the conditioning process, but Watson was interested in taking Pavlov’s research to the next level and show that emotional reactions can be classically conditioned in people (Cherry, 2016). They used a nine-month-old baby boy and exposed him to a series of stimuli including a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, masks and burning newspapers and watched the boys reaction, initially he showed no fear of the objects he was shown (Cherry, 2016). He then decided that he
In Era II, mind-body has a direct correlation to situations regarding anxiety for instance. If a patient is anxious, naturally the heart rate will be elevated. With deep breathing and conscious thought, heart rate will decrease. I see this almost daily.
To learn more about this phenomenon, researchers conducted a study by which they attempted to condition a dog’s leg reflex by flashing a light before giving a small shock to the dog’s paw. Several trials took place in the following order: flashing of the light, shock, then a leg reflex. After several trials, the dog paired the light with the shock. It came to the point where the dog began to respond immediately after the light flash, even when a shock was not paired with it. It would be assumed that the light flash is now the conditioned stimulus and that the leg reflex is now the conditioned response. However, to be sure of this, researchers decided to test if there is a reflex when a beep sound is presented. Indeed, there was a response after the presentation beep. The elicited response, which was at first
Another area for development could potentially be the study of the long-term effects of evaluative conditioning. Studies such as the DE100 study, and the other studies mentioned, simply show that this type of conditioning has a short term effect. This could be explored further by potentially arranging a follow-up with participants in the study to ascertain whether they still feel more positively about the given stimuli, or whether there opinions have changed over time.
The researchers addressed known influential factors verbally, but not all factors were controlled during the experiment. For example, time of day, the white coat effect along with respirations and heart rate were not addressed in the results.
In addition, heart rates vary according to exercise, physical needs, age, gender, air temperature, etc. In this experiment the dependent variable
The respiratory monitor measured baseline respiration for a minute. Respiratory rate was also measured by the respiratory monitor throughout the entire experiment. After initial respiratory rate had been measured for about 30 seconds, researchers established a baseline heart rate range using the pulse oximeter. This was done by recording maximum and minimum heart rates within a period of 30 seconds. Since the site of the experiment had abundant background noise, silence could not be used as the control variable. Therefore, white noise was used as the control instead. The subjects listened to “Original White Noise” by White! Noise using Sony MDR7506 Dynamic Stereo Headphones. The subject was instructed to pedal at a rate between 8 and 10 mph and was supervised by an experimenter to ensure that the participant stayed within the proper pedaling speed range. As the participant pedaled, the researchers changed the resistance on the stationary bike between resistance levels 8 and 11 to make sure that the participant’s heart rate was within the preferred range. Subjects were monitored to ensure they had the heart rate ranges of 55-65% of his or her age-predicted heart range. The subject pedaled for two minutes,
Throughout the course of everyday life, variability of heart rate is present for each individual. As the college students on the campus of Truman State University go about their day-to-day lives, they too experience the phenomenon of heart rate variability. While resting and using little movement, many students spend a great number of hours each day studying - a period of time when the body requires a smaller cardiac output in relation to times of movement. However, during the course of an academic day, Truman students, like the majority of human beings, are faced with instances under which time is limited, and they must increase work output to get from one destination to another. Additionally, there are instances in which physical activity is required with variation of difficulty within a workload/resistance. Through this understanding, one can see that the heart rate changes throughout the course of each day, and is thus dependent on the intensity of each daily activity. Although every student on Truman State University’s campus has his/her own unique physiological makeup and personal physical fitness level - every individual is impacted by the variability of his or her own heart rate in response to activities of daily life.
For the purposes of this experiment, a non-athlete is being defined as someone who has not played competitive sports within the last year or exercise more than once a week, and an athlete is being considered as someone on one of Fresno Pacific University’s endurance sports teams. To try to eliminate as many variables as possible, the individuals have to be within the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 18-26 to be eligible for the experiment. Their BMI values will be calculated using the BMI calculator on the NCBI PubMed website by inputting their correct height and weight. After determining eligibility, the test subjects will be asked to run one lap around the track (400 meters) at Fresno Pacific University on two separate days. Before the subjects exercise, their heart rate will be taken after they’ve sat quietly for two minutes to ensure the resting heart rate is obtained. This will be down by counting their pulse on their radial artery for thirty seconds and multiplying that number by two to acquire their heart beats per minute. They will then run at a mildly intense pace by their standards for one lap in order to elevate their heart rate. Upon their return back around the track, their heart rate will be immediately taken, and a stopwatch started in order to determine the total amount of time that it will take for the subject to reach their previous resting heart
In performing this activity/assessment, I have learned a few things. From this assignment I have learned that the amount of exercise or physical activity for a certain amount of time affects your heart rate and pulse. We were instructed to run up and down the stairs for a total of eight minutes with a 30 second break in between every two minutes to measure your pulse. We recorded data to see what our pulse was every two minutes of physical activity for eight minutes. In doing this i have concluded that the longer you perform physical activity the higher your pulse and heart rate increase, and the longer it take your pulse and heart rate to go back down to your resting heart rate.
Classical conditioning is the theory that involves a subject learning a new behavior by the process of association. A naturally occuring stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) is paired with a response (the unconditioned response). Then, a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) is paired with the unconditioned stimulus and eventually the conditioned stimulus produces the initial response of the unconditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus being present. The response, therefore, becomes the conditioned response. This study had a major influence on the psychological study of behaviorism. “Behaviorism is based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment” (Cherry 1). Classical conditioning
SUBJECT: Information Paper 1. Purpose: To provide facts and overview of the HR Information Systems 2. Facts: a. The Enlisted Distribution and Assignment System (EDAS) is used to manage enlisted assignments, promotions, and personnel information. This system is also used to assist managers when conducting strength accounting, Unit Status Reporting (USR), and personnel readiness management. The EDAS system is used to provide interactive updates capability to post information directly to the Total Army Personnel Data Base (TAPDB) to those authorized users including field users to delete or defer Soldiers.
Successful candidates for the position of HR Administrative Assistant must exhibit the following competencies (as stated in the job description):