The Establishment of a Chemical Equation Using the Method of Continuous Variation.

We can use a pH indicator, a chemical that changes colour depending on the pH, to show us when the reaction has completely neutralised. This point, where all acid was consumed and there is no excess of base, is called the equivalence point (end point). We can use this

3. If a student did not remove all of the bubbles from inside the buret before reading the initial volume and beginning the titration, will this cause the calculated concentration of the hydrochloric acid determined from that trial to be higher or lower than the actual concentration? Explain your answer in complete

1.) Measure out 20ml out of the water and place it into a glass beaker

First, we added water to the graduated cylinder to 20 mL. Then, placed the unknown substance in the water, the water increased and measured 25 mL. The volume was determined by subtracting 20 mL from 25 mL. The volume equaled 5 mL for the unknown substance. Next, we filled the water to 20 mL in the graduated cylinder. Then, placed aluminum in the water, the water increased and measured 25 mL. The volume was determined by subtracting 20 mL from 25 mL. The volume equaled 5 mL for aluminum. After that, we added water to the graduated cylinder to 20 mL. Then, placed the zinc in the water, the water increased and measured 22.5 mL. The volume was determined by subtracting 20 mL from 22.5 mL. The volume equaled 2.5 mL for zinc. Last, we added water to the graduated cylinder to 20 mL. Then, placed lead in the water, the water increased and measured 24 mL. The volume was determined by subtracting 20 mL from 24 mL. The volume equaled 4 mL for

Set up the Erlenmeyer flask with a Buchner funnel. Select equipment from toolbar, then from the dropdown menu, select Erlenmeyer flask—250mL. Right click the Erlenmeyer flask, choose Buchner funnel. The Buchner funnel will be added to your Erlenmeyer flask. Select the 100mL beaker and right click on Pour/Decant. The flask will turn on its side so that you can move the beaker above the Buchner funnel. The solution will pour into the funnel when positioned correctly. Note: When the solution has been filtered, a white area will appear on the bottom of the flask.

Use a dropper to remove water from the beaker and drop 10 drops onto a spotting plate. Use the BTB to determine whether the water is acidic or basic and record your findings

The hose of the burette was opened until the solution turned pink. 20.2ml of sodium hydroxide was used to get the solution to turn pink. ( 4. Fill the burette with NaOH (aq) up to the top, between 0-mL and 5-mL. Use a funnel to do this carefully, preferably over the sink. Measure this volume precisely, and record it as the “Initial Burette Reading” on your

Measure 9.30g dried EDTA using electronic balance then pour into volumetric flask using funnel then rinse weighing dish to ensure all EDTA is in the volumetric flask. Then top up until 500 〖cm〗^3

b. Once you start titrating with NaOH at the 5mL mark, you start to create a buffer.

2. Using the beaker containing clear water, fill your graduated cylinder to the specified amount below

STEP 1: Put small amount of solution to an empty bowl (You can add small amount of water too).

Fill the buret with the NaOH solution above the 0.00 mL mark. Place a beaker under the tip and allow the NaOH solution to flow out until the volume is just below the 0.00 mL mark. Make sure the buret does not leak. If a leak occurs, inform your TA. Record the initial volume of the buret to two places to the right of the decimal. Replace the waste beaker with the Erlenmeyer flask containing solution of acidic soda. Make sure to refill the buret between 0.00 mL-2.00 mL of NaOH after each titration trial.

Acid-base reactions reach the equivalence point when an equal number of moles of acid react with the base. As soon as we see a change in color of the solution, the reaction is complete and the titration can be stopped. The change in color are due to the indicator.

2. Three beakers and funnel should be washed by water. Burette was rinsed by sodium hydroxide solution and pipette was cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution. Retort stand was set up and the white sheet of paper should be placed under the burette where the beaker was put on to easily realize the colour changes.

a) Transfer pipette was obtained. The pipette was cleaned because distilled water does not drain uniformly. A cleaning solution or detergent was used to clean the pipette.