The Oldowan And The Acheulean

However, with the remains of their pieces of tools and other goods across the lands in different villages it can be speculated that some groups of Native Americans had social relations with others, or had mobile groups spread across the lands. For example, the clovis was an instrument used for hunting by the Paleo-Indian groups. The Clovis and Folsom peoples, and has been found in animal and village remains across the land. Judging that their groups traveled a lot this means that they built social connections with other groups. Leaving behind many small villages of fewer people for archaeologists to excavate. Additionally, social constrictions are seen in the people who follow after the Paleo-Indian peoples who focused more on hunting and gathering, but relied heavily more on natural foods such as fruits and nuts. As a result of this gathering technique for food supply, more villages were formed beginning with the archaic peoples. I believe this had led to the evolution of larger populations in native villages as I had read throughout Plog’s book that the villages got bigger with the increased use farming agricultural goods such as maize and beans. Rather than small campsites, villages rose as a result such as the Shabik’eschee peoples in Chaco Canyon. The development of village life led to new cultural customs such as cremation of the dead and preserved

The pre-Columbian Nahuas were agricultural people; their staple crops are corn, beans, chili peppers, tomatoes, and squash. Their staple livestock were chickens and turkeys. Settlements consist of central villages divided into four sections grouped around a central church. Weaving of cotton and wool is the chief craft among the Nahua, whose skill is great in this respect. Pottery, rope making, palm-fiber weaving, and adobe brickmaking are other crafts that were mastered. Evidence suggests that the Nahuas originally came from the deserts of northern Mexico and migrated into central Mexico in several waves. Before the Nahuas entered Mesoamerica, they were probably living for a while in northwestern Mexico alongside the Cora and Huichol peoples.

They are not the oldest stone tools ever found--those were discovered in northwestern Kenya and date back 3.3 million years. But these are the oldest stone tools found in the Puget Sound lowland area, and the discovery is certainly large and significant for archaeologists. These tools offer new insight into what the human population of Western Washington was doing at the close of the last ice age, the kind of information that could serve to fill other gaps in our knowledge of human history and evolution from prehistoric

Although people often think of ancient peoples as similar in their primitive ways, scientists and researchers are constantly finding new evidence that shows remarkable distinctions among Paleolithic peoples. This new information adds to our knowledge of their various cultures and provides opportunities for modern people to appreciate the depth and achievements of their ancient ways of life. Two tribes, the San and the Chumash, are useful to study, as they demonstrate how two peoples that were contemporaries could form such differing ways of living and thinking.

The Paleolithic Era consists of hunter-gather societies. Living a nomadic lifestyle, the Paleolithic people followed their PREY and used resources provided by the land. AS A RESULT, THEY WERE ALWAYS MOVING SINCE they hunted mammoths, bison, deer, and rodents and gathered roots and berries. The earliest humans used very rudimentary and basic tools for tasks like cracking open bones and preparing animal hide. These tools were later improved on to help provide protection, food, and clothing. By the end of the Paleolithic Era, the hominids made weapons for hunting and food preparation, such as spears and the bow and arrow, out of bone and were creating more advanced stone and wood structures. There is also evidence of fishing. The development of tools helped hominids adapt to different

Radiocarbon dating has established the age of the earliest Archaic mound complex in southeastern Louisiana. One of the two Monte Sano Site mounds, excavated in 1967 before being destroyed during new construction at Baton Rouge, was dated at 6220 BP (plus or minus 140 years).[11] Researchers at the time thought that such societies were not organizationally capable of this type construction.[11] It has since been dated as about 6500 BP, or 4500 BCE,[12] although not all agree.[13]

During the last part of the stone age Homo Sapiens created the; bow and arrow, the spear-thrower, sewn clothing, the harpoon, as well as discovering break-through in the creation and usage of blades and burins. These technological advancements created a better life for the Homo Sapiens. For example, a bow and arrow as well as the spear-thrower allowed them to hunt from afar and catch prey unaware. Sewn clothing allowed the Homo Sapiens to adapt to their environments. The harpoons that were created were used in tandem with the spear-thrower to cast at large mammal prey(stone). The blade technology magnified what could be produced with, “straight cutting edges for use by themselves or as part of compound tools while using very little raw material(Upper).” It also opened the floodgates to creating burins, which were rocks that possessed, “a sharp, angled point formed when a small flake is struck obliquely from the edge of a larger stone flake(stone).” From burins small, purposeful tools such as the bone needle could be procured. Tools such as these made life easier because they allowed objects to be sewn together to withstand harsh conditions.

Africa has many groups of different people. Three groups of people in africa are Maasi, Tuareg, and the Bambuti. Maasi were some of the first settlers of africa. Bambuti may be directly related to the first settlers of africa as they have been located in the same area for over 4500 years. Tuareg wear special blue had bands or hood like things to protect them from the hot sahara sun.There have been two major migrations that have taken place in africa. Scientists believe that the first humans were in africa and then they migrated throughout the world. The bantu migration was the first migration. The bantu migration began about 2000 years ago and lasted for over 1500 years. Many africans traveled to different places through this migration. The

The lifestyle of ancient cave tenants varied colossally from that of today's enlightened world. Yet the few centuries in which we have been socialized are however a modest division of the long compass of human presence (Dargis, 2015). Particularly amid the late centuries, changes in our way of lifestyle have far outpaced changes in our bodies. We hold the enthusiastic cosmetics and engine reflexes of ancient men and women while living very sorted out and regularly stagnant lives (Ebert, 2006).

Neanderthal and anatomically modern Homo Sapiens shared similar behavioral patterns such as created tools, buried dead, used fire, and hunted for meat. Even if both species interact with each other and in spite of shared behavior, evidence justified the differences between both species. Neanderthals buried their dead as a ritual, whereas Modern Homo sapiens represents the decorative and elaborate array of great goods. Both species may have created tools usable to fits their lifestyle, but the functionality of the tools made huge differences. Modern Homo Sapiens tools are elaborated and extensively made for easier hunting,

It is interesting to read that during the Paleo-Indian period about 11,000 to 10,000 years ago fluted spears were found by archaeologist around the oil tank farm in Staten Island, New York. Although there were evidence of civilization, archaeologist couldn’t foretell the type of people they were or how they looked. The description of the era tells us that the environment was still unpolluted and uncontaminated – a time period where the land was pure. Their days to day were based on making spears to kill animals for survival. As the years goes by around 10,000 to 8,000 years ago the environment changed. The Archaic period there were evidence of the sea level rising and the extinction of mastodon and mammoth were becoming a problematic. In

During this period humans learned simple tool use like shaped rocks and sticks for hunting and

Thermoluminescence dating of charcoal and stone tools indicates that these two locations were occupied sometime between 60,000 and 55,000 BP (Bednarik, 1997:356; Bowdler, 1996:38; Davidson, 2010:S181; Denham et al., 2009:30; O' Connell and Allen, 2015:74; O' Connell and Allen, 2004:837; Roberts et al., 1994:575; Webb, 1998:749; Veth et al., 2011:204-205). The tools were made from chert, quartz, and quartzite and their technology resemble Mousterian (Davidson, 2013:2; Roberts et al., 1994:577). Many researchers felt that the dating of these locations was correct, since they happen to coincide with an overall decline in Sahul’s megafaunal population (O' Connell and Allen, 2015:74). However, due to discrepancies with dating technology, this same material was later retested and the new dates are closer to 40,000-50,000 BP (O' Connell and Allen, 2015:74; O' Connell and Allen,

The dawn of stone tools dates back some 2.6 million years to Gona in Ethiopia. Known as the Oldowan, these include not just fist-sized hunks of rock for pounding, but also the first known manufacture of stone tools — sharp flakes created by knapping, or striking a hard stone against quartz, obsidian, flint or any other rock whose flakes can hold an edge. At this time are also the oldest known butchered animal bones.

Mark Collard’s lecture was about risk, demography, and technological evolution in non-industrial populations and he discussed the evolution of tool use among a variety of groups of hunter-gatherers and food-producing communities. Collard states that the number and complexity of tools varies greatly among populations and he focuses on why this variation exists. He starts off by discussing and analyzing toolkit variation in both hunter-gatherer and farming societies and then moves on to discuss overall technological variation in these societies and the possible explanation for it.