Problem 1
a) Base on the Bank of Canada website, as of December 31, 2014, the total balance outstanding of Treasury Bills and Bonds is 628,665,887,500("Government of Canada Treasury Bills and Domestic Marketable Bonds Outstanding", 2016), as of April 30, 2016, the total balance outstanding of Treasury Bills and Bonds is 655,400,506,500 ("Government of Canada Treasury Bills and Domestic Marketable Bonds Outstanding", 2016)
What happened: The total balance outstanding of Treasury Bills and Bonds is increasing.
I would invest in bonds.
2 examples of fixed-income:
Preferred stock, corporate bonds
Additional risk:
Interest rate risk: When the interest rate goes up, the bond price will goes down.
Inflation risk: When the inflation comes
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Second, when the growth happens for the stock, the investor can achieve more money. Third, the investor can avoid inflation through buying stocks.
Investing call options: First, to achieve the benefits from differences in price. If the future price increases, the investor can sell it at a higher price to get benefit. Second, investing call options can reduce transaction exposure. Third, the investor can achieve leverage effect and take advantage of the leverage effect to do the transaction.
Investing put options: First, to achieve the benefits from differences in price as well. Second, the investor can achieve leverage effect. Third, investing put options can protect book profit.
c) Cumulative returns:
S&P/TSX is: 8.10% Nikkei 225 is: -8.33% FTSE 100 is: 3.08% DAX is: -1.44%
Plot:
S&P/TSX:
Nikkei 225:
FTSE 100:
DAX:
How to calculate: Using excel. First finding out the price data from the beginning of 2016 to the end of April on the internet (yahoo finance), and then using everyday’s price to calculate the returns. Base on the returns, using I dollar invest as a transaction to calculate the monthly cumulative returns. Finally, adding monthly cumulative returns to get cumulative returns of these four months.
Highest performance and reasons: S&P/TSX: The highest performance is at the end of April, 2016 (April 29, 2016). Because mining stocks increased to a highest price
Secondly, if there would not be any need for cash and we would like to higher our stake on the company, thus getting more shares. Moreover, if the cash at that moment would not be crucial to our liquidity, getting more shares and betting on market value gains makes sense.
They can also be tailored to meet expectations that go beyond a simple "the stock will go up" or "the stock will go down". Once you move beyond learning options terminology, you need to develop a thorough understanding of risk to trade options successfully. The value of calls and puts are affected by changes in the underlying stock price in a relatively straightforward manner. When the stock price goes up, calls should gain in value and puts should decrease. Put options should increase in value and calls should drop as the stock price falls.
Options allow investors to hedge against risk. If one expects stock prices to rise, then he/she may like to invest in stocks. However, buying stocks also entails risk because of price fluctuation. The risk will be potentially large in case price falls to zero. In order to avoid risk one may like to buy a call option.
In the last two decades, Canada has experienced a sharp drop in private savings rates. Private savings, from the course textbook (page 174), is defined as, the income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumption. The private savings rate has decreased from 16.2% in 1981, to 1.5% in 2005 (Table 1), which exhibits a higher spending rate, and less saving of leftover income. Economists approach this issue with the understanding that with a lack of tax incentives for saving, we can predict a increase in the supply of loanable funds which leads to a reduction in the interest equilibrium rate and an increase in the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds. In this essay I will argue in agreement with commentators, that the spending habits of the Canadian public can be blamed for high interest rates, resulting in the dramatic decrease in private savings.
If the yield to maturity remains constant, the bond’s price one year from now will be higher than its current
The Canadian states of Mexico bank, which was named after the US, Mexico, and Canada fought in a war and decided to stop and they formed the Canadian states of Mexico national bank, which works through the continent and those countries. It was just announced to be the most profiting bank in the world. They have billions of dollars in each bank which I know for sure because there worth about 3.2 trillion dollars and they only have 93 locations and some simple math you find out a lot of money is in each bank. Well they had a lot but there about to lose a lot of money not much too how much they have but a lot to every person and it would belong to me, and of course a crew which I needed to have in order to get anything. If I’m
But, with all that said, with keen investing sense and the right preparation you could make some very nice gains on the open options market.Through my own experience, both as a trader and from learning from my father, I 've discovered some powerful secrets that could help you in becoming the best options investor you can be...
2. Sell out-of-the-money call options on the S&P 100 with a notional value similar to that of the long equity portfolio. This creates a ceiling value beyond which further gains in the basket of stocks are offset by the increasing liability of the short call options.
Inflation decreases the buying power of a dollar. So when the yearly inflation rate surpasses the 'rate of return ', the market participants lose invested funds due to the deterioration of purchasing power. According to several financial articles, the significance of inflation on investment is subjective to the kind of securities held. A higher yield on a stock is not a safer expenditure; one most also take into consideration the risks involved. Interest rate risk can affect various bonds in different ways. A bond 's yield-to-maturity is the "discount rate" used to make the present value (PV) of all the bond 's cash flows equal to its price. When a bond 's yield rises, its price goes down, when a bond 's return goes down, its price goes up. For example, according to the article titled "How Interest Rate Changes Affect the Price of Bonds" it states that "the discount rate applied is the percentage of interest prevailing in the market for bonds of the corresponding risk and maturity".
If all interest rates are projected to decrease, to limit a net value decline, before rates fall the bank should increase the amount of long term bonds issued by the bank.
From the purchase of shares, investors can earn two types of gains rather having one gain. The stock market tend to rise in value at the same time the individual stocks can be either raised or fallen. In this situation investors can turn their decisions towards buy more shares or sell their shares accordingly and can earn investment
Unlike conventional forms of trading, binary options trading is a fairly simple way to earn high payouts within a short time period. Traders choose an asset (e.g. Apple stock, Gold, GBP/USD currency pair, S&P 500 index), decide on a trade amount, and predict whether the asset price will go up or down at the expiration time. If the trader predicts that the asset value would rise at the expiration time, he executes a Call option. On the contrary, he places a Put option if he predicts the asset price will fall. He gets a pre-determined payout if his prediction is correct. If the prediction is incorrect, he loses a part of his investment.
When you loose your money, it is gone. There is no going back. If you buy stocks and the price fell, you can still recuperate your investments if the price later goes up. Even when the price is still low, you can still sell your stock and recoup some of your money. Binary options allow you to predict and if you go wrong, your money will never look back at you.
You can keep a close watch on the assets you are thinking to invest as in how they are performing in stock markets, their latest updates, and market trends. It will help you to decide when to buy in binary option and earn profits.
So what exactly are stock options? The investment education website Investopedia perhaps defines it best, stating, “An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date. An option, just like a stock or bond, is a security. It is also a binding contract with strictly defined terms and properties” (Investopedia Staff, Options Basics) . Despite its many stipulations, options trading is much simpler than the definition conveys. In short, options trading does just what the name suggests: it gives the trader options so that he or she can potentially incur minimal loss in the event that an investment does not prove fruitful.