Time's Arrow by Martin Amis
The human being is an analytical creature. From scientists to philosophers to star-crossed teenaged lovers, the human is internally motivated to understand the world around him. That world provides countless puzzles for the human to solve, whether these puzzles lie in the forests of the heart, the laws of mathematics or the annals of history. However, some of the most unfathomable aspects of this world have been entirely created by humans. The Holocaust is one of the most unfathomable events in human history. Countless documentaries, pieces of literature, psychological analyses and films have explored the topic in an attempt to understand exactly how humans could commit such terrible atrocities against
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S. Eddington awarded the second law of thermodynamics "the supreme position among the laws of Nature" since it alone was responsible for what he was the first to call "time's arrow"… The directionality of time that results from entropy's increase, Eddington points out, is intimately installed in our awareness of ourselves in the world, confirmed by human reason, and dependent upon the fact that there are multiple parts to be organized or disordered (Menke, 970).
Therefore, Eddington claims that the directionality of time is inherently within the human awareness. Human beings are essentially rational creatures who have an inborn need to make sense of the ever-increasing disorder in the world around them. We use the constant forward linear march of time to establish order in a disordered universe in which entropy continually increases.
The Holocaust threatens our attempts to maintain this illusion of order. The extermination at Nazi camps like Auschwitz was at the same time the most entropic and ordered event in all of human history. Never before had death, destruction, and the process of dehumanization (all
Karl Schleunes published his book titled The Twisted Road to Auschwitz in 1970. The title of the book has a symbolic meaning that pertains to the Holocaust. The Holocaust, taking place between 1933 and 1945, was characterized by the death of millions of European Jews in the hands of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler and nations that collaborated with the Nazis (Dwork & Pelt 2). After crumpling of the Nazi regime, historians began to examine and come up with constructs leading up to the Holocaust. From the mid-1960s to the 1980s, historians established two metanarrative schools of thought emerged explaining the period and circumstances leading up to the Holocaust. These schools of were labeled ‘Intentionalists’ and ‘Functionalists.’ These schools present
The Holocaust which was one of many of the controversial events that have happened in the history of our world demonstrated a significant amount of cruelty and dehumanization. Because of such a controversial event, many have suffered through physical and unfortunately psychological upheaval and distress. With previous knowledge and novels’ read on the Holocaust, it came to be known that the event was triggered through obedience and conformity due to the not specifically the Germans’ beliefs of anti-Semitic and propaganda, but more of leader Adolf Hitler. The time of the Holocaust was used to dehumanize which enhanced the understanding of mental health and human psychology. During the Holocaust, many psychological principles affected individuals forever. The principles include groupthink and of course knowing the outcome of the event. Such principles sooner explain the reality of life because it stresses how individuals react due to their past experiences like the Holocaust and most importantly how traumatic events build them as who they are today. Innocent Jews went through starvation, terrible working conditions, and the elimination of race through torture such as gas chambers. Furthermore, the history of this controversial event is now being used to be alert of the health and wellness of those who have gone through such events that sooner change their behavior and mentality for the better or even worse.
Chaos theory engages with the certain physical systems, which are extremely sensitive to the changes in initial conditions. The equations describing a system are highly interdependent. Therefore, even a small change in the system can result in a large effect on the later condition of the system. Since it is impossible to measure all the initial parameters exactly, the trajectory of the system’s operation is inherently indeterminate. That is, this theory is represented by the interdependence among constituents of a system and the uncertainty of the possible conditions of its stages of development. In the highly complex interrelatedness and indeterminacy, this cosmos evolves as a self-organizing creation through “the interplay of chance and law.” In that sense, as Ilya Prigogine and Stuart Kauffman hold, our cosmos is in the continuous process of the emergence of complexity and order in nonlinear systems at the edge of chaos. The dissipations and emergences of complexity and order in nonlinear systems go on and on in this cosmos. “Every beginning is a beginning-again.”
The Holocaust was the systematic killing and extermination of millions of Jews and other Europeans by the German Nazi state between 1939 and 1945. Innocent Europeans were forced from their homes into concentration camps, executed violently, and used for medical experiments. The Nazis believed their acts against this innocent society were justified when hate was the motivating factor. The Holocaust illustrates the consequences of prejudice, racism, and stereotyping on a society. It forces societies to examine the responsibility and role of citizenship, in addition to approaching the powerful ramifications of indifference and inaction. (Holden Congressional Record). Despite the adverse treatment of the Jews, there are lessons that can be learned from the Holocaust: The Nazi’s rise to power could have been prevented, the act of genocide was influenced by hate, and the remembrance of the Holocaust is of the utmost importance for humanity.
The Holocaust was a time period in which Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Nazi Germany. He prosecuted many Jews because he believed they were the reason World War 1 started, causing the death of 100,000 German soldiers. Because of this, he made sure nearly every Jew was put into concentration camps or killed. Adolf Hitler was a man who wanted everything his way, and because of this he killed innocent people. The Holocaust was an unfair period for the Jews. The Jews were killed because of who they were, and the citizens didn’t try to do anything to help them
Throughout the course of humanity, we have experienced terrible transgressions in our society. Although they took place sixty-one years apart, similar horrific events from the Holocaust (1933-1945) and the Rwandan Genocide (1994) occurred. In Night, the Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state sponsored persecution and murder of approximately 6 million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. The Nazis believed they were “racially superior” so they killed the Jews because they were deemed “inferior” and needed to be eliminated.
For the past 300 years, the world’s society has displayed lots of unbelievable human cruelty. For example, slavery in the 18th and 19th century, African Americans were forced into harsh work labor because of their skin color. Then in the 20th century, a determined dictator, Adolf Hitler, murdered and tortured eleven million lives. This horrifying event was called the Holocaust, it occurred in 1933 but ended in 1945. Adolf Hitler was angered about the result of World War 1, so he blamed Jewish people, the disabled, and other groups. During the holocaust, the eleven million lives were forced into harsh work labors or was put into gas chambers and was killed instantly. People described the Holocaust as inhumane act, and the people that survived it, could really say it was a scarring memory.
Overall, the Holocaust was an awful moment in the world’s history, a Jewish survivor even said that occasionally during this time, “There were days when...” the survivor “...envied a dog” (Galler). But there isn’t just bad that produced from this event, there is importance we can learn from from this tragic event. It taught the world a lesson on how one man with lots of hate and power can affect
The Holocaust is known as one of the most devastating, or perhaps even the most devastating incident in human history. On paper, the dizzying statistics are hard to believe. The mass executions, the terrible conditions, the ruthlessness, and the passivity of the majority of witnesses to the traumatic events all seem like a giant, twisted story blown out of proportion to scare children. But the stories are true, the terror really happened, and ordinary citizens were convinced into doing savage deeds against innocent people. How, one must ask? How could anyone be so pitiless towards their neighbors, their friends? In a time of desperation, when a country was on its knees to the rest of the world, one man not only united Germans against a
The Holocaust is widely known as one of the most horrendous and disturbing events in history that the world has seen; over six million lives were lost, in fact the total number of deceased during the Holocaust has never been determined. The footage of concentration camps and gas chambers left the world in utter shock, but photos and retellings of the events cannot compare to being a victim of the Holocaust and living through the horror that the rest of the world regarded in the safety of their homes. Elie Wiesel recognized the indifference that the
Lasting over six years, the Holocaust is frequently considered to be the largest annihilation of humans in history; yet, even during its climax, the western powers were practically unaware of the scope of genocide Hitler’s army was committing until after Germany lost the war. Although Robert Brown aptly described the Holocaust as “such depressing subject matter” (v), he furthers, “Those who hope for hope--after an eternity--are entitled to do so only if they have measured that which has the power to obscure hope, only if they have lived in the shadow of utter denial. The rest of us, who have not inhabited the innermost circle of hell, can never know what it was like to be there” (vi). Yet, there are
The Holocaust of 1933-1945, was the systematic killing of millions of European Jews by the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis) (Webster, 430). This project showed the treacherous treatment towards all Jews of that era. Though many fought against this horrific genocide, the officials had already determined in their minds to exterminate the Jews. Thus, the Holocaust was a malicious movement that broke up many homes, brought immense despair, and congregated great discrimination. The Holocaust was an act of Hell on earth.
The Holocaust is a period in history where the Nazis tried to wipe out the Jewish race from existence. Conflict and times of war darkens beliefs about what's right and what's wrong. There are innocent people that suffer, there are moments of hope and actions are questioned. Above all, in Morris Gleitzman’s book the reader sees how war changes what is morally right.
History provides a terrain of valuable moral lessons, while also helps us understand other people and different societies. The Holocaust is an event where these lessons are very clear. The Holocaust is a traumatic event in time where prejudice was in its rawest form. The Holocaust wasn’t a mere accident in history, it occurred because governments encouraged it and individuals allowed it. They permitted not only discrimination, but prejudice, hatred and the mass murder of people to occur.
In this paper I will be discussing the concept of the paradox, examples from Zeno and McTaggart, and how modern science has potential solved the paradox put forth by McTaggart. Both of these paradoxes have a enormous repercussion on how objective fact about the world can be understood. I claim that McTaggart’s theory of time can be solved by modern physics as Einstein’s theory of relativity makes time a relative factor in how time is understood.