To investigate the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction using the enzyme Catalase, found in potato, and the substrate Hydrogen Peroxide.

Enzymes are essentially proteins and will only act in an aqueous environment. An enzyme is specific for a certain reaction or

These results shown from this experiment led us to conclude that enzymes work best at certain pH rates. For this particular enzyme, pH 7 worked best. When compared to high levels of pH, the lower levels worked better. The wrong level of pH can denature enzymes; therefore finding the right level is essential. The independent variable was the amount of pH, and the dependent being the rate of oxygen. The results are reliable as they are reinforced by the fact that enzymes typically work best at neutral pH

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

For a product to be formed, the substrate must bind with the enzyme's active site. Enzymes are globular biological catalysts, which speed up a chemical reaction. Enzymes have an active site, where another molecule called a substrate combines.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction in certain biological functions. They play a vital role in many aspects of human physiology and are necessary for the functioning of a number of systems, for example in the digestive system to help to break down food. All enzymes have a unique active site that can fit on to a particular molecular arrangement on a target substrate; a substance e.g. carbohydrate, protein, or fat, that the enzyme is designed to breakdown. There are a number of different enzymes in the human body; each type produced specifically to perform a certain role. Enzymes are not themselves destroyed in the reaction to break down a

To understand how and why the experiment was performed, one must understand what enzymes and substrates are. Enzymes are defined as proteins that are capable of speeding up a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of activation energy needed to catalyze that reaction (Raven, Johnson and Mason 2014). Enzymes regulate these biochemical processes

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

Enzymes are proteins that either speed up a chemical reaction without being used in a process in other words it is also catalyze (Jacklet 1998). They have different regions on its surface called an active site where it can recognize one or more molecules (Jacklet 1998). Enzymes are the main reason for living cells chemical reactions to stay alive (Jacklet 1998). Substrate chemically attracts the active site to bind and form short lived partnership the enzyme substrate complex (Jacklet 1998). When the reaction has occurred the substrate has

    In order to generate chemical reactions, enzymes must bind to a substrate. A substrate is a specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon in order to generate product. A substrate binds to the active site on the enzyme, which is a groove or cavity on the surface of the enzyme in which the substrate flawlessly fits. Active sites are typically composed of amino acids from various portions of the polypeptide chains that are drawn together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein (Enzymes). Each type of enzyme can only bind with specific substrates, because it is critical that the substrate and the active site of the enzyme align

Enzymes have a certain shape which when the right chemical molecule for that enzymes shape comes along, it will match the shape perfectly. The area of the certain shape is referred to as the active site of an enzyme, and the molecule that the enzyme works on is known as the substrate. The shape of an enzyme only matches with one type of molecule (Abpischools.org.uk, 2016). Different factors can affect the rate at which enzymes work, the main two factors are pH and temperature. By increasing the temperature, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and the substrate molecules increases as well, this means that they move around faster and have a higher chance of colliding with a molecule.

To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will bind to one or more reactant molecules. These molecules are the enzyme 's substrates. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site. In enzymes that are proteins, the active site gets its properties from the amino acids it 's built out of. These amino acids may have side chains that are acidic or basic. The set of amino acids

Enzymes such as Catalase are protein molecules that are found in living cells. They are used to speed up specific reactions in the cells. Each enzyme just performs one particular reaction so they are all very specific. Catalase enzymes found in living cells e.g. in yeast, potato or liver, speed up (in our case) the breaking down of hydrogen peroxide.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst. It speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction. It speeds up a reaction, but remains unchanged unless certain limiting factors are introduced. It is composed of polymers of amino acids. An enzyme has an optimum pH and temperature. When an enzyme is at its optimum conditions, the rate of reaction is the fastest. In their globular structure, one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. An enzyme has an active site, which has a unique shape into which only a substrate of the exact same unique shape can fit.

Enzymes are essential proteins that lower the activation energy and provide standard living needs. They regulate pigments, breakdown starches and proteins, act as treatments for heart attacks, cancer and replace old tissues (Alberte et al., 2012). Enzymes act as catalysts which regulate how metabolic processes work. Enzymes are three-dimensional shapes that fit into a reactant molecule known as a substrate. This substrate binds to its specific home known as an active site. When a substrate binds to the active site it creates a process known as the enzyme-substrate complex which creates a final product. The purpose of an active site is to determine the specific characteristics of each enzyme for example the charge, shape and hydrophobic/hydrophilic (Alberte et al., 2012). During this process, the substrate’s chemical bonds are being modified but the enzyme itself is not changed or

1. pH. Amino acid side chains contain groups such as - COOH and NH2 that readily gain or lose H+ ions. As the pH is lowered an enzyme will tend to gain H+ ions, and eventually enough side chains will be affected so the enzyme's shape is disrupted. Likewise, as the pH is raised, the enzymes will lose H+ ions and eventually lose its active shape. Many of the enzymes function properly in the neutral pH range and are denatured at either an extremely high or low pH. Some