Brief History of Musical Eras Assignment
Medieval (500–1400 CE)
Two Important Composers: Hildegard von Bingen, and Leonin.
Two Scientific Advances: The heavy plough and the printing press (in Asia).
Renaissance (1400–1600 CE) Two Important Composers: Thomas Tallis and Josquin Des Prez.
Two Scientific Advances: Copernicus’s attempt to prove heliocentrism, and the parachute.
Baroque (1600–1760 CE) Two Important Composers: Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel. Two Scientific Advances: The newspaper, and Newton’s Principia.
Classical (1730–1820 CE) Three Important Composers:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of the archetypal classical composers, along with Franz Haydn. He composed over 600 works, including choral, symphonic,
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He is known as the “father of the string quartet” and the “father of the symphony”. Haydn made major contributions to musical form, such as the sonata rondo form and the double variation form.
Ludwig Von Beethoven was a very important transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s early work was heavily influenced by Mozart and Haydn. He had a very great influence on the composers of the Romantic era. Beethoven emphasised the emotional expression in music, which is a key characteristic of Romanticism.
Three Important scientific, social, environmental, or cultural events/happenings/issues that affected music making/composition, and how they had an affect on music:
The Age of Enlightenment began to show a growing middle class and more amateur musicians arrived on the scene. Women began to become more involved and had an increased presence on a social level, which increased their presence in the growing amateur music scene. Composers such as Haydn and Mozart fell in line with Enlightenment ideals. The invention of the Fortepiano in 1700 by Bartolomeo Cristofori was an early piano used by the likes of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven to compose their piano
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He developed the idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, or “total work of art”, which strived to bring music, poetry, visual and dramatic arts together. Wagner was a prolific writer as well as a composers. He made contribution to the practice of conducting as well.
Johannes Brahms was a German composer who is sometimes grouped as one of the “Three B’s” along with J.S. Bach and Beethoven. His music was influenced by the structure used by Mozart and Haydn, while also moving them into the Romantic era. Brahms had a wide influence, encompassing both modernist and conservative tendencies.
Frédéric Chopin was a Polish composer and piano virtuoso. Most of his music was written for solo piano, although he has some works for piano concerto and chamber music. Chopin often composed using improvisation. Chopin refined the concept of the “nocturne” and introduced the world to Polish folk music. Composers such as Rachmaninoff, and Brahms, among others were influenced by Chopin.
Three Important scientific, social, environmental, or cultural events/happenings/issues that affected music making/composition, and how they had an affect on
In the Classical period, some composers are Haydn, Boccherini, Mozart, and Hummel. There, of course, are much more as these are just four composers.
Music is built on a very sophisticated foundation that is expressed through a variety of technicalities and rules. As an art form, music has survived through many era’s that have evolved genre’s and sounds into its culture. The ages of music that were most prominent included the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern era’s. Within these years (1600-1900’s) music was distinguished for separate motives, audiences, and demands. Chamber music for example, was created for small audiences in the nobility, while Concert music was used for larger audiences in concert halls of varying classes. Absolute music was abstracted sound with no particular motive, while Program music was played for specified themes and stories that usually involved heroism
Antonio Vivaldi, a major composer during the Baroque period, made significant changes during his time, from numerous works to a teacher at the Pieta to a priest. Vivaldi excelled writing in many genres; however, he is known mainly for his concertos (Hanning & Burkholder 264). In the case of the Baroque era, Antonio Vivaldi’s contributions profoundly impacted music for the violin, ushering in a period of popularity for the instrument.
One of few great composers to be recognized in their lifetime, Johannes Brahms stood out among the crowd of composers in the Romantic period of music. During this period, musicians discarded the intelligence and form of the Classical period in favor of emotion and feeling. Experiencing one's inner-child became a prominent inspiration as well as forces of nature, including thunderstorms and crop-circles. Brahms developed talent early on and, with the help of his father, flourished into a powerful composer blending the sounds of the Classical and Romantic periods.
Ludwig Van Beethoven was a German pianist and composer who dedicated himself wholeheartedly to musical study and changed the outlook on music today. Ludwig Beethoven’s symphonies changed the world, he changed music, the sound of music, and what composers do. Ludwig Beethoven is a legacy and life would have never been the same if he had never found the love for his music.
Among the creators of fundamental genres of classical music was Joseph Haydn. His influence upon later composers was tremendous. Joseph Haydn’s most acclaimed pupil was Ludwig van Beethoven, and his musical form casted a huge shadow over the music of many composers such as, Mendelssohn, and Schubert. Joseph Haydn is the composer whom more than others epitomizes and aimed for achievements of the Classical era.
There have been many great composers in music throughout the years but the greatest to me is a man with the name Johann Sebastian Bach. In my opinion, Bach is considered a music history great. He had a huge impact on music being that his music is still admired and listened to today. Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, on March 21, 1685. Bach was influenced greatly by his father Johann Ambrosius Bach who taught him the violin and all the basic string instruments. Along with the string instruments he learned to play, Bach also learned to play the organ, which later became the instrument he is best known for.
The 18th Century composer, Franz Joseph Haydn, was arguably the founder and developer of the formal and structural principles of classical style. His work included hundreds of symphonies, string quartets, and instrumental sonatas. Haydn’s innovation and style created a model for many composers after him.
Frédéric Chopin, a famous composer and pianist known among the world. Chopin grew up in an artistic family; he picked up a great volume of music knowledge from his family as he grew up. As he grew up, his family sent him to Warsaw Conservatory of Music to further widen his comprehension of music, and by that time many of his famous work are produced. Chopin’s famous work includes Barcarolle, Opus 60, the Fantasia, Opus 49, the Berceuse, Opus 57 and many more.
Music development occurs due to many reasons and when looking at composers in Vienna we can see a vast change from the development of music in a short amount of time. By looking at some of the most influential composers in Vienna at the time, such as Mozart and Beethoven, we can derive the development of music in Vienna between 1775-1825. When we analyse some of the composer’s music we can identify certain factors to understand the way music was developed, these are due to historical events that where happening at Vienna through the time, such as French Revolution and the change constant change of power in the Habsburg Monarchy until its dissolution in 1806 from the entry of Napoleon causing the Habsburg’s to sign a peace treaty with Napoleon’s
Johann Sebastian Bach, a composer from the Baroque period, is one of the most influential and famous composers of all time. Examples of some famous musicians he has influenced are, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, and Robert Schumann. Bach wrote over a thousand works, and many of them are masterpieces which people still listen to today. This paper covers his life and upbringing to see what he went through as a composer. A list of Bach’s surviving works is provided at the end of the paper. We will discover if he was as famous as he is today and why he is known as one of the greatest composers of all time.
Franz Schubert, the name defines an era and a genre. A rare composer who's symphonic works represent the best legacy of the classical tradition, while his songs define German lied and exemplify the height of romantic lyricism.
Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart in the beginning, but they showed remarkable signs of his individuality and eventually transformed into his own style. His life is categorized into three periods; early period, heroic period, and later period, in which his music had distinct characteristics in each of the time periods. His symphonies were first composed in a very classical style that stemmed from his mentors, to later develop into a more romantic style with his own personal touch to finally compose the music that he wanted, without thinking about the music he thought he was supposed to compose.
Mozart, also known as Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer who was recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western Hemisphere. Mozart was considered equal to Haydn and beethoven for he improved upon the Viennese Musical School. Some of the things that made Mozart different from other composers was that he wrote and practiced all genres of music, and was quite skilled at it as well. He also had a great amount of skill in his every one of the genres he has practiced. There are many factors that have influenced his music. For example, his childlike personality and other factors such as his life experiences, caused by his father, which are the primarily causes of the nature of his music.
Joseph Haydn is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the classical period. He is often called the father of both the symphony and the string quartet, and he founded what is known as the Viennese classical school, which consisted of himself, his friend, Wolfgang Mozart, and his pupil, Ludwig van Beethoven. During his lifetime, he produced a mind-boggling amount of music. He lived from the end of the baroque period to the beginning of the romantic period, and presided over the transition between them.