CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF RADIATION
In order to appreciate how radiation energy works, it is imperative to know the types of radiation. The different sources of radiation can be grouped under either Ionising radiation or Non-ionising radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that is made up of high-energy waves which has the capability of displacing and breaking atomic electron bonds holding up the molecules of matter together resulting in chemical change which can lead to harmful effects. Ionizing radiation can further be divided into either; a) Natural background radiation comes from the natural sources like radioactive substances in the soil, radioactive gases given off from the earth such as radon, Very small amounts of radioactivity in the body, and Cosmic rays from the solar system (the sun, stars and outer space) b) Medical radiation which comes from Diagnostic radiology includes using X-ray machines to get radiographs (pictures) of the inside of the body ,Nuclear medicine which involves drinking a radioactive substance or injecting it into the body to help with diagnosing or treating diseases and Radiotherapy which uses high energy rays (gamma) to kill cancer cells c) Non medical radiation includes nuclear radiation that comes from previous nuclear weapon explosions or accidents throughout the world, such as that at Chernobyl
On the contrary, Non-ionizing radiation is made up of energy waves that have enough energy to move
Furthermore, X-ray of higher energy than required for imaging is used for radiation therapy. The radiation therapy makes use of ionization radiation (and no images) for the treatment of diseases, such as
Radiation (also known as nuclear radiation) refers to particles or waves emitted by radioactive substance. Nuclear radiation comes from the waves from a nucleus. Ionising radiation can
Radiation is one of the main forms of energy (Pettigrew 1). In today’s environment we are only familiar with the basic types of radiation. These types are in the form of
Radiation was discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen during a scientific experiment. Roentgen, classified radioactivity into three concepts: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. Radiation- is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. Technology is created with radiation and humans are exposed to the aspect daily with tons or material; especially in the doctor’s office and everywhere else.
should still be responsible for the people that were exposed to the radiation is because it could spread and accidently cause other to suffer and could help support the people suffering from the radiation. Radiation is energy and it can come from unstable atoms or it can be produced by machines. Radiation travels from its source in the form of energy waves or energized particles. There are actually two kinds of radiation, and one is more energetic than the other. It has so much energy it can knock electrons out of atoms, a process known as ionization. This ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and DNA in genes. While there are other, less energetic, types of nonionizing radiation (including radio waves, microwaves—and visible light), this booklet is about ionizing radiation (Baes). According to illinoispoisoncenter, radiation comes from the sun and outer space, from man-made sources such as X-ray machines, and from some radioactive materials in soil. Even though radiation cannot technically spread from person to person, we encounter some radiation from foods, water, the air, our own bodies, and through medical procedures throughout our daily life and never usually receive too much that would cause
Due to some circumstances being out of our control, whether it is through natural means of toxicity from radiation or unnatural means of radiation, how do we protect ourselves? The Earth is covered in natural background radiation. Terrestrial, cosmic and radon radiation are all a part of our environment. Even if manmade radiation and nuclear radiation didn’t exist, we would still be exposed to toxic, unhealthy sources of biological changing substances. How do our bodies recover from an assault to our immune systems and resume a healthy life from ionizing radiation that can cause cancer? How do we become proactive, and responsible for our own health outcome? Can we eliminate from our bodies unwanted toxins, carcinogens, free radicals, and ionizing substances? Do we have control over our health after a large dose of radiation from a nuclear accident, or treatment from radiation therapy? Evidence shows that we do. Just as there are natural sources of radiation, there are natural ways to cleanse our bodies and use nutrition to detoxify, rejuvenate, and restore health when our immunity has been compromised from natural or unnatural sources of radiation.
The Beta travels faster and penetrates further than any other. Gamma rays are the most dangerous from all since the can travel further and damage tissues and organs. Radiation can be measured in doses such as the Roentgens and the Rem. Radiation in our planet can come from cosmic radiation, terrestrial sources, the body, or man-made sources such as diagnostic radiology and therapeutic radiology. When a person is exposed to radiation he/she can suffer from acute effects also known as effects that occur quickly or chronic effects which are known as long term effects. People can handle chronic exposure to radiation better than a large amount of radiation within a short period of time. People who have a been exposed to large amounts of radiation within a short period of time can become ill quickly such as in acute radiation sickness or could potentially die from such exposure. Exposure to radiation can cause illnesses such as cancer, cataracts, and could ultimately cause a reduction in life. America uses emergency managers to handle aspect of all emergencies posed to communities across the country. Emergency managers use The Radiological Protection System trains and aids communities when radiological emergencies occur. In the United
Ionizing radiation is a form of radiation that can alter the structure of DNA molecules in living cells. It is a kind of energy produced by atoms that travels in form of electromagnetic waves. Sources of this form of energy are x-ray
Ionizing radiationHelpIonizing radiationRadiation with so much energy it can knock electrons out of atoms. Ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and DNA in genes. has sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage them. Some cells may die or become abnormal, either temporarily or permanently. By damaging the genetic material
The amount of energy that is emitted from the light source is based on the temperature of the object. Radiation is a form of transferring heat that does not require any direct physical contact between the source of heat and the object receiving the heat. The electromagnetic form of radiation is called, infrared radiation, which is that passing of heat in empty space. No mass is exchanged and no medium is required during this process. Common examples of radiation found in everyday life is the sun rays giving of heat that effects the organisms that receives the energy of them indirectly or heat released from light bulb.
The most important factor of the three is the amount of the dose that the body absorbs - the amount of energy which deposits in the human body. The more energy absorbed by the cells, the greater amount of biological damage occurs. Health physicists refer to the amount of energy absorbed by the body as the radiation
“When we speak of dangerous radiation exposure, are we speaking of alpha radiation, beta radiation, or gamma radiation?”
X-rays, gamma beams, and charged particles are sorts of radiation utilized for malignancy treatment. The radiation might be conveyed by a machine outside the body (outer pillar radiation treatment), or it might originate from radioactive material set in the body in proximity to tumor cells (inward radiation treatment, likewise called brachytherapy). Systemic radiation treatment utilizes radioactive substances, for example, radioactive iodine, that go in the blood to execute tumor cells. About portion of all malignancy patients get some sort of radiation treatment at some point throughout their treatment. Radiation treatment destroys tumor cells by harming their DNA (the particles inside cells that convey hereditary data and pass it starting with one era then onto the next). Radiation treatment can either harm DNA specifically or make charged particles (free radicals) inside the cells that can thusly harm the DNA. Growth cells whose DNA is harmed hopeless end partitioning or pass on. At the point when the harmed cells kick the bucket, they are separated and wiped out by the body's common procedures. Radiation treatment can likewise harm normal cells, prompting adverse effects. Specialists consider potential harm to typical cells when arranging a course of radiation treatment. The measure of radiation that typical tissue can securely get is known for all parts of the body. Specialists utilize this data to help them choose where to point radiation amid treatment (Radiation Therapy for
The most common type of radiation is known as external beam radiation therapy wherein the radiation is given through an external machine. However, at times radiation can be given through implants this type of therapy is known as internal radiation therapy or
Radiation is known as the process that results in a starting capacity in the form of particles (Particles) or waves (Waves)