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Bloody and violent, the first reason is the unstable government. From 235-285 CE, 22 emperors have ruled. For a 50 year period, 22 emperors was a lot. Most emperors during this period have been assassinated, to be more specific, 13 out of 22 have been murdered. Other emperors either died in a battle, suicide or a plague. No emperors have died naturally.(Doc A) Therefore, the Roman government is very unstable with no long term ruler, which makes it appealing to tribes to invade.

From the first emperor, Augustus, to emperor Constantine, Christianity was illegal. During that time Romans practiced the Pagan religion which meant the persecution of Christians was legal. The emperor after Constantine, Theodosius, was the one who eventually legalized Christianity. This change caused much controversy and decline throughout the empire. The introduction of Christianity especially had a major influence of the decline of Rome.

With the limited Roman population having no support for Rome and an army made up of unloyal mercenaries, Rome’s defensive system was nonexistent. This was an invitation for barbarian tribes to take advantage of Rome’s weak point and invade which caused major destruction of Rome in various sacks by the Visigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths. A strong military with a fresh drive on offense is able to overcome a shriveling and idle military on defense. This was exactly the case when the Romans mistreated and belittled the Visigoths, a Germanic tribe, which ultimately gave the Visigoths a strong motive to overthrow the empire that had wronged them. With this passion, they defeated the “mighty” Roman military at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 and became the first barbarian tribe to overcome the Roman army in more than a century.

Although there had been increasing contact between the British Isles and the classical world during the Late Iron Age, the first real Roman presence here was that of Julius Caesar. In 55BC a Roman army of around ten thousand men crossed the channel and invaded Britain, yet were defeated and had to return to Gaul. Then in the following year; 54BC, Caesar came to Britain again. This time with a much larger army, although on this occasion he won the majority of battles and was victorious, he still returned to Gaul. It wasn’t until 43AD that the real invasion took place and the real ‘Romanisation’ of the British Isles began.

The history of their architecture runs virtually in step with the history of their empire to an extent. As the Empire expanded so did the architecture, and as Romans became more magnificent their architecture followed. Roman architecture began as a form of worship. The first Roman architects were the ancient priests and dwellers who made areas of sacrifice and worship for their gods. At first, their homes were simple huts but as they grew smarter and more aware of their surroundings, making the building more complex than ever. So, like many arts, Roman architecture’s roots are embedded in the worshiping paid in religion. The Romans were, of course, not the first to practice many of their building philosophies. However, they built like no other society before them. Their methods showed and proved, efficiency and sophistication to construct a whole new look. With the rise of the Romans and the everlasting hail of Caesar after Caesar and Emperor after Emperor, Roman architecture expanded and influenced building over the world. Unlike the Empire, though, Roman design did not die at the hands of the Germanic’s, or rather at the hands of self-destruction; it continued to expand and play a part in every major style throughout history. Even through its empire’s own defeat, architecture has stood as an everlasting symbol of what Rome once was, and what the rest of the world is today. , Roman architecture cannot be looked at as a small period or cultural event, for it lives on today through the

Many centuries before the birth of Christ, the city of Rome grew, prospered, and developed into a thriving Republic. As in most cultures, Rome's buildings became more elaborate and impressive. They developed fantastic building technologies and ideas. The feats of Roman engineers were groundbreaking, and many structures built by this culture still stand today. With knowledge borrowed from the Greeks, Rome made impressive architectural achievements, these were namely major attributes of buildings, colossal structures, and a legacy that would influence later buildings (Cornell and Matthews 11).

Thesis: Although the many advancements in health and medicine greatly contributed to the growth of the Roman Empire, the advancements in construction and architecture played a larger role in the growth of the Roman Empire

Other Germanic tribes “came under new pressure when the Huns… moved into the Black Sea Region” because of how fierce they actually were (Duiker and Spielvogel 165). The Black Huns defeat the Visigoths, and the Visigoths were forced to flee. As a result of their defeat, the Visigoths found themselves begging the Romans for asylum. The Romans agreed and allowed the Visigoths to settle comfortably in the Roman Empire, however, as time passed this did not work because the Romans did not treat the Visigoths nicely. As a result, the Visigoths rebelled against the Romans because they treated them mean. In 378 A.D., the Battle of Adrianople took place between the Visigoths and the Romans. The battle proved to be a major upset, and the Visigoths defeated the Roman army. In the past, if the Romans lost then they could regroup and fight again until they win the war. Now, it has gotten to the point where the Romans have no more resources to do that anymore. After Adrianople, the Visigoths began to wander around the Roman Empire, killing, destroying, and even stealing. They even tried to attack Constantinople, and the Romans were unable to stop them. The Visigoths went west and somehow wandered into Italy. They captured the city of Rome, and for the first time in 800 years, a foreign army captured Rome. However, the Visigoths did not stay long and eventually

Many architectural and urban forms and elements that we witness today are largely influenced by how buildings were design and laid in Rome. Not only in terms of its external design that brought upon important messages but the design of interiors and the significance of spatial arrangement of spaces exist within them has created the sense of physical experience in the buildings as well. Rome’s urban development and the rise of architectural movement began during the time of Augustus

Under Claudius, the Roman Empire expanded for the first time on the scale of Augustus since then. He extended the empire 's reach to the East by annexing Thrace (Macedonia), Pamphylia (Turkey), Lycia (Turkey) and Judea (Israel). He also extended north by annexing Noricum (Austria) and beginning a campaign to invade Britain. This was not the first time the Romans had attempted to take over Britain, as Caesar had tried before, but if the legendary Julius Caesar could not take Britain, no one could. Claudius disagreed. With great ambition and personal involvement, he ordered the invasion of Britain. He landed with his troops in Britain and stood along side them during the beginning of the campaign, before having to return to Rome. His campaign proved very successful and the southern part of Britain was annexed. Later Claudius’ successors would continue his campaign in Britain, but none would be possible without his initial invasion.

Another tribe apart from the picts were the Brigantes which were a divided group from the Northern England. Most of these would not like each other due to any reason and had hatred against the Romans. The Brigantes fought, and eventually the Romans fell back to the more defensible Hadrian's Wall.

In ancient Rome, architecture and engineering were highly regarded. It contributed much to Rome’s development, power, as well as the longevity of such an immense and substantial empire. Architecture displayed an immense amount of workmanship as well as innovation. This is seen through Rome engineers as they created the concept of concrete, constructed the famous Roman aqueducts, and the luxurious Roman baths. Roman’s were clearly superior engineers compared to their competitors because Roman engineers developed new and innovative concepts that were never introduced before, therefore contributing to the success of the Roman Empire.

Historical buildings play an important role in describing the social and cultural beliefs and values of a place of its establishment. People visiting the historic buildings are able to develop a proper insight into the community beliefs and practices that exist at the time of construction of a building (DuTemple, 2003). In this context, the present essay examines and evaluates the way in which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ describes the societal and cultural values of Rome. In addition to this, the essay also demonstrates the technical and spatial features of the buildings and illustrates the way through the building is able to develop a language of classical architecture in Rome. The thesis statement of the present essay can be stated as ‘The extent to which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ in Rome depicts the cultural and societal values and principles practiced in Ancient Roman Society’.

The Romans were extraordinary builders and professional civil engineers, and their flourishing civilization formed developments in technology, culture and architecture that endured for centuries. Ancient Rome had several qualities that made their civilization successful but most importantly through the advancements of technology and innovations that flourished throughout the ages that are still used in today’s society. The legacy lives through the inventions of the aqueducts, concrete, newspapers, battlefield surgery, bound books, roads and highways, roman arches, and the twelve tables. All of these inventions and innovations served as their own individual purpose that made the civilization boundless which is why I interested in this research topic.

From its peak under the Roman Emperors Constantine and Diocletian in the 300's, Rome importance in the Empire began to shrink. The commercial and cultural growth of the provinces in Greece and the Near East had eclipsed the once-robust culture of Rome, where growing trade with the Far East was creating new wealth. The Christian emperors felt more at home in the East, where Christianity, the new official religion of the Roman Empire, was stronger and closer to its roots in Palestine, rather than in the more-pagan West (Norwich 11).