Xacc/280 Week 5 Capsim

The amount of money that I spent on discretionary expenses was eye opening. I did not really realize the amount of money that was being spent on food and drinks every day that could be saved by bringing a lunch or just buying the drinks in bulk and bringing them from home. While I was looking on the spreadsheet before totaling the amounts I was not expecting the costs to add up so fast. By completing this assignment, it has caused me to realize the amount of money I could be saving in my bank account or saving for purchases that will make a difference in my life.

Definitions Define the following terms using your text or other resources. Cite all resources consistent with APA guidelines. TermDefinitionResource you usedTime value of moneyA dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. Conversely, a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today.Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D. (2014).Financial Management. Principles and Applications(12th ed.). Pearson Education.Efficient marketWhen money is put into the stock market, the goal is to generate a return on the capital invested. Many investors try not only to make a profitable return, but also to outperform, or beat, the market.However, market efficiency - championed in theefficient market

According to the EMH, stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. Thus, portfolio managers should find it impossible to outperform the overall

With attention to the previous information given, the principle of risk-return tradeoff is based on the thought that individuals are opposed to taking risk, meaning individuals would prefer to get a certain return on their investment rather than risking and getting an uncertain return. (Titman, Keown, & Martin, 2014) This principle tells us that investors will receive higher returns for taking on a bigger risk however; a challenge often seen in investors is how to calculate the tradeoff between risks and return with riskier investments. A higher expected rate of return is not always a higher actual return.

sider BACKGROUND Efficient market theory examines how accurately stock prices signal resource allocation alloc and fully reflect all available information. Fama (1970) introduced the efficient market hypothesis stating there are three forms of efficiency: weak, semi strong, and strong. A market semi-strong, that incorporates all historical information is said to be weak form efficient, while one that responds to all publicly available informatio is semi-strong efficient. In a semiinformation -strong efficient market, prices instantly change to reflect publicly available information. A strong form market, strong responds to all information, both public and private. The hypothesis claims that achieving above average returns on a risk adjusted basis is impossible (Fama 1970). (Fama, The lowest level of market efficiency, weak form, states that the market only reacts to historical information. This means that no one can earn above normal returns based on published historical information; however, the market does not quickly react to new public or private information. It may be possible then, in a weak form efficient market, to obtain abnormal returns form using either new publicly available or private insider information (Fama 1970). (Fama, A semi-strong form market is more efficient that a weak form, as it reacts to publicly strong available new information quickly and share prices adjust to reflect the market’s reaction. share Obtaining

The efficient market hypothesis has been one of the main topics of academic finance research. The efficient market hypotheses also know as the joint hypothesis problem, asserts that financial markets lack solid hard information in making decisions. Efficient market hypothesis claims it is impossible to beat the market because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information . According to efficient market hypothesis stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection

Efficient Market Hypothesis has been controversial issues among researcher for decades. Until now, there is no united conclusion whether capital markets are efficiency or not. In 1960s, Fama (1970) believed that market is very efficient despite there are some trivial contradicted tests. Until recently, both empirical and theatrical efficient market hypothesis was being disputed by behavior finance economist. They have found that investor have psychological biases and found evidences that some stocks outperform other stocks. Moreover, there are evidences prove that market are not efficient for instance financial crisis, stock market bubble, and some investor can earn abnormal return which happening regularly in stock markets all over the world. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that Efficient Market Hypothesis in stock (capital) markets does not exist in the real world by proofing four outstanding unrealistic conditions that make market efficient: information is widely available and cost-free, investor are rational, independent and unbiased, There is no liquidity problem in stock market, and finally stock prices has no pattern.

Last but not least important, an efficient capital market is one in which stock prices fully reflect all available information. However, the paradox is that since information is reflected in security prices quickly, knowing information when it is released does an investor little good. Furthermore, it is impossible to create a portfolio which would earn extraordinary risk adjusted return. As a consequence, all the technical and fundamental analysis are useless, no one can consistently outperform the market, and new

The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states that it is impossible to "beat the market" because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information.

The success of these contracts is determined by the prices of other assets such as stocks or bonds. Options and futures comprise the riskiest of the financial assets but also offer the greatest possible reward.

random errort. The expected return is a function of a security‟s risk and the random component is due to new information, which by definition arrives randomly; hence, in a weak form efficient market, stock prices follow a random walk ,that is cannot be predicted (see fig. 2) (Hillier et al 2010).

Market efficiency is defined as the correction in stock price that occurs when a stock is either overvalued or undervalued (Barnes, 2009, p.4). In theory, this is supposed to account for fluctuations in the market, creating a self-correcting stock

Investor tends to make investment based on personal preferences regarding risk tolerance and investment horizon. Risk tolerance is the amount investment that the investors willing to lose for the greater expected returns. Investment horizon is the timeframe set by the investor to achieve their investment objectives. There is several investment strategies such as asset allocation that can assist investor to makes a better investment decision. This decision can cater the needs to balance the risk and return by the individual investor in which assisting them to adjust the portion of investment in each of the portfolio invested. However, a degree of risk and return might be vary according to the different asset types. The idea

The efficient market hypothesis exists in three forms, weak, semi-strong, and strong form. The first form is considered weak because it assumes the stock’s price is a reflection of its historical relevance, which includes accounting data (financial statements) and other publicly available information. At this level, such information is considered immaterial in causing the price of a stock to change. The second form is semi-strong, and it’s concerned with market adjustments. In other words, how do the markets react to all available information? At this level, all “accessible” information is assumed be reflected in the stock’s price, which can range from historical to future oriented information made available through public

There is a saying that no one can beat the market systematically when market is efficient because no one can predict the return. Market is said to be efficient when all available information fully and quickly reflected in the security price. Efficiency can be achieved when market is perfectly competitive where there is no transaction cost (or lower than expected profit), no transactional delay and all traders behave rationally.