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- 6 Create a concept map using the following terms/concepts: sympatric speciation, polyploid speciation, habitat differentiation, sexual selection, autopolyploid, allopolyploid. Add definitions for each term/concept and make connections where necessary.Distinguish between sympatric, allopatric and parapatric speciation with examples.33. Sympatric speciation differs from allopatric speciation in that sympatric speciation Group of answer choices is far more common than allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation in order to occur does not involve geographic isolation involves a reduction in gene flow between discrete groups of individuals belonging to the same species
- give examples of allopatric and sympatric speciation3. Sympatric speciation, in which the ancestral and descendant populations occupy exactly the same geographic area, with potential for hybridization between them, was first demonstrated (for animals): A. in the evolution of the polar bear Ursus arctos maritimus from the Kamchatka brown bear B. in the evolution of several Hawaiian honeycreepers from a single Asian migratory species C. in the evolution of metal-tolerant Anthoxanthum odoratum from metal-sensitive ancestors D. in the evolution of 13 Galapagos finches from a single South American migratory species E. in the evolution of the apple-maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella from hawthorn fruit flies1. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?2. How do biologists define a “biological species”?3. Why is reproductive isolation such a driving force in the process of speciation? 4. To which prezygotic isolation mechanism does each example below correspond: habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation? Parasites exploit new host species. Differences in binding protein allow sperm to fertilize. Pines release pollen in different seasons. Fireflies give specific patterns of signals. Plant floral tubes have different lengths.5. What evidence shows that allopatric speciation can occur in fruit flies raised on different food sources?
- 1. Anagenesis (non-branching speciation), in which the ancestral and descendant populations do not co- exist in time, but might have occupied the same geographic area, is thought to have occurred in the case: A. of the evolution of several Hawaiian honeycreepers from a single Asian migratory species B. of the evolution of the polar bear Ursus arctos maritimus from the brown bear in Kamchatka C. of the evolution of 13 Galapagos finches from a single South American migratory species D. of the evolution of the proto-horse Merychippus from the near-horse Parahippus on prairies E. of the evolution of the arctic fox from the swift fox in tundra regions of North America1. Aside from the provided species concepts, if you are to MAKE YOUR OWN SPECIES CONCEPT, how would you define it? Discuss it and note that it should be your own definition for species concept, not others.5. How might climate change affect the creation of new hybrid zones? 6. What is the difference between a punctuated pattern of speciation and a gradual pattern of speciation? 7. What is a possible genetic mechanism for gradualism? 8. What is a possible genetic mechanism for punctuated equilibrium?