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1. What sequences form most of the human genome? What is their significance in the expression of genes?
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- 1. What features of a protein-coding gene might be found in a non-coding gene? 2. What features are unnecessary in a non-coding gene?7. What does it mean for genes to be "conserved"?1. Since 1978, scientists used a specific biotechnology to produce a medicine used to treat diabetes. Identify this specific technology and describe how is used in medicine. Include information on why a gene from one organism can be expressed by another organism.
- How does the regulation of gene expression support continued evolution of more complex organisms? Cells can become specialized within a multicellular organism Organisms can conserve energy and resources Cells grow larger to accommodate protein production Both A and B.8. what is A mutant that prevents the production of the wild-type protein or renders it inactive. Usually a recessive mutation?5. While exploring the human genome, a geneticist happens upon a gene in humans that is not functional and is not currently being expressed. This gene appears to be similar to the genes found in modern monkeys that cause tail formation. The most likely explanation for this gene in humans is Group of answer choices a. The gene is lying in wait for when it will be needed and then activated when the opportunity arises b. The gene is a conserved gene that serves an essential function in modern humans c. Humans are likely evolving a tail, and the gene will be expressed in the future d. The gene Is a random mutation of no significance e. The gene is a pseudogene leftover from when human ancestors had a tail
- 1. Retrotransposons are nonviral genetic elements that facilitate their own movement within the genome (true or false) 2. Most mRNA molecules have an indefinite lifespan allowing high quantity protein synthesis from a single mRNA molecule (true or false) 3. spliceosome is a complex of RNA and protein that catalyzes the removal of exons from pre-mRNA (true or false)18. During cloning of eukaryotic genes, mRNA instead the original gene fragment is used to obtain the gene fragment to be cloned. The reason for this is that initial products of the eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons and is processed in cells to yield the final mature RNA. To obtain the sequence that will directly code the protein of interest, a DNA is produced using the mRNA as the template. This DNA is called______ and the enzyme is used to synthesize it is_______. a) cNDA and reverse transcriptase b) cDNA and restriction enzyme c) reverse DNA and reverse transcriptase d) reverse DNA and DNA ligase1. A monogenic disease is a disease caused by a mutation in a single gene. For instance, sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which codes for the B- globin chain of hemoglobin. The beginning of HBB is shown here: 5'-ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACT...-3' A. Translate this HBB sequence into an amino acid sequence. B. In terms of amino acids, what is the result of the sickle cell mutation, wherein the bolded red A is changed to a T? This single mutation causes hemoglobin to aggregate, causing red blood cells to deform into a sickle-like shape rather than the normal “biconcave disk" shape. C. What would happen if the bolded blue A were mutated to at T? (This is hypothetical; it's not a mutation found in sickle-cell disease.)
- What 2 things are most responsible for controlling gene expression?18. The DNA sequence M, shown below, is the sense strand form a coding region known to be a mutational "hot spot"for a gene =. It encodes for amino acids 21-25. Given the egenetic amino acids codes: CCC=Proline/ GCC= Alanine/ TTC=Phynelalanine/ TAG=stop. Which of the following sequences is a frame shift mutation that cause termination of the encoded protein? 5'-CCC-CCT-AGG-TTC-AGG-3' Answer: 5'-CCC-CTA-GGT-TCA-GC-3'18. Two eukaryotic genes (A and B) are involved in two different metabolic pathways, and each has a control element sequence (enhancer) upstream of their coding sequence. The interaction of these enhancers with specific transcription factors determines the level of gene expression. These two genes are expressed differentially in two different tissues (tissue 1 and tissue 2) according to the table below. Tissue 1 Tissue 2 Gene A OFF ON Gene B ON OFF What can explain this pattern of gene expression? A. Gene A and B have different control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express the same transcription factors (at the same concentration and at the same time). B. Gene A and B have the same control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express different transcription factors. C. Gene A and B have the same control element sequences and the cells of tissue 1 and tissue 2 express the same transcription factors (at the same concentration and at the same…
