18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion NADH H,0 H* ATP ADP P; Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Chloroplast NADP+ NADPH H* H,O H*- ΑΙΡ ADP of P . Thylakoid Membrane A Hydrogen ion |O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts?

18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion NADH H,0 H* ATP ADP P; Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Chloroplast NADP+ NADPH H* H,O H*- ΑΙΡ ADP of P . Thylakoid Membrane A Hydrogen ion |O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter21: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5P: The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If...

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12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below. 114 ATP synthase matrix intermembrane space Figure 4: Sketch of a mitochondrion https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Schema mitochondrion basic.svg Bionet, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons a. Add to the sketch to show a H* concentration gradient in an active mitochondrion. (Sketch more H* in the appropriate space. Sketch less H* in the appropriate space.) 4+ b. Sketch an arrow to represent the direction that protons flow (via diffusion) through ATP synthase. c. If the concentration of protons was equal on each side of the membrane, how would that affect the flow of protons through ATP synthase? How would that affect ATP production from glucose?
The figure below shows an illustration of a mitochondrian. Mustration of a mitochondrion Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion? A B с D The shape of the mitochondrion Increases its material-exchange efficiency by maximiz ing its overall volume relative to its surface area. The double-membrane structure of the mitochondrion allows it to maintain its relatively acidic environment in which nutrients can be digested. The folds of the mitochondrion Inner membrane increase its material-exchange effi- ciency by maximizing its surface area relative to its volume. The specific structure of the mitochondrion Inner membrane allows it to correctly guide the folding of proteins into their functional shape.
The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons auch that ATP synthesis could occur if ATP synthase were present? (Gold spheres represent protons.) 圈圈圈圈圈 A B D E OA OB OC OD OE intermembrane space Anner membrane matrie
How does DCPIP act as an indicator of presence of mitochondria? Will mitochondria in the presence of DCPIP still make ATP? Why or why not?
18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion NADH H,0 Δ H*. ATP ADP P; Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Chloroplast H,O NADP+ NADPH H* H+- ATP ADP Thylakoid Membrane A A Hydrogen ion O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts? A +B + energy → AB 19. Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above? (A) Hydrolysis (B) Catabolism (C) Oxidationreduction (D) Exergonic reaction (E) Endergonic reaction
You are studying the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the lab. You isolate several mitochondria from cells and place them in a buffered solution with a low pH and observe that the mitochondria begin to synthesize ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? F It increases the conc. of OH-, causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. It increases the diffusion of H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix. It increases the conc. of OH- in the mitochondrial matrix.
1. As has been discussed in class the electron transport chain is the first part of oxidative phosphorylation. This chain of multi-subunit enzymes is responsible for facilitating the transfer of electrons from NADH and succinate/FADH₂ to oxygen making water. Given this understanding answer the following questions. a. Below is an equation for determining the amount of energy required to move 1 mol of protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In actively respiring mitochondria the A = +/-0.15 volts to +/- 0.20 volts. The ApH for a typically mitochondria will be 0.75 pH units, with the matrix (N-side) being more alkaline than the IMS (P-side). Given this state the total energy needed to move a single proton from the N to the P-side. Assume T = 310K and R = 8.314 J mol-¹ K-¹ and a A4 = 0.17 volts. Finally, assume F = 96.5 kJ/mol/volt AG = 2.3RTAPH + FA b. How much free energy is available in the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen given the following half-reactions and…
The Electron Transport System (ETS) The ETS must generate a hydrogen gradient (proton motive force) in order to power the enzyme ATP synthase to produce ATP. This is the process of chemiosmosis/oxidative phosphorylation. 1. Below is a representation of the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrian. You will complete the drawing as instructed. A. Draw several protons (H+) where they would accumulate in the mitochondrian to form a gradient. B. Draw an arrow showing the direction the H+ would flow to power ATP synthase. C. Fill in the equation blanks in the text box. This describes the activity of ATP synthase. 000 a. CDOC 0000000 ooooooo oooo 00000 0000 oooooooo ATP synthase activity 2. What is the terms used to describe what is happening to the members of the electron transport system? When they accept an electron they are said to be When they pass the electron to the next carrier they are said to be 3. What molecules serve to donate electrons (and protons) to the electron transport…
What would be the expected pHs of the matrix and intermembranespace of the mitochondrion? What about the stroma and thylakoidlumen of the chloroplast? Explain your answers.
How much energy is required to pump a mole of protons in a mitochondria with the following conditions? pH of matrix = 8.2, pH of intermembrane space 7.4, membrane potential of - 65 mV (N-side relative to P-side), temperature = 37C. Express answer to the nearest 0.1 kJ/mole.
(c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below: Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Organelle Source of electrons Final electron acceptor Source of energy Role of ATP
Which of the following statements is most correct? The electron transport chain - A: generates a pH gradient that reduces O2 to H2O B: generates a proton gradient across the outer mito membrane C: generates a proton gradient across the inner mito membrane D: uses the energy stored in high energy electron carriers to synthesize ATP E: establishes a membrane potential across the outer mito membrane