2) Answer the following questions about an experimental preparation where you have cut all nerves leading to a frog's heart and taken the heart out of its body and placed it into a physiological saline solution. a. Why can the frog's heart still beat when it is isolated from the body? b. Would you expect it to beat faster, slower, or at the same pace as the frog's normal resting heart rate? explain why. C. How could you experimentally decrease the heart rate in this isolated condition? d. You have placed an electrode into a cardiac ventricular muscle cell. Draw the ventricular myocyte action potential you would expect to see under completely denervated conditions and after your experimental manipulation. 2

2) Answer the following questions about an experimental preparation where you have cut all nerves leading to a frog's heart and taken the heart out of its body and placed it into a physiological saline solution. a. Why can the frog's heart still beat when it is isolated from the body? b. Would you expect it to beat faster, slower, or at the same pace as the frog's normal resting heart rate? explain why. C. How could you experimentally decrease the heart rate in this isolated condition? d. You have placed an electrode into a cardiac ventricular muscle cell. Draw the ventricular myocyte action potential you would expect to see under completely denervated conditions and after your experimental manipulation. 2

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter9: Instrumentation In Blood Circulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RT

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Cells in the body have the ability to undergo a transiet depolarization and repolarization. A. Plot the action potential of non-pacemaker cardiac myocyte and indicate what kinds of ion channels involved in each phase and compare ion movement during a myocardial cell's action potential to ion movement of a neuron's action potential. B.Explain why contractions in the cardiac muscle cells are different to skeletal muscle cells.
7. Why might you observe different values for the normal range of a measurement on different days or at different times (even for the same person)? 8. What factors might determine the differences seen in heart rates? These are variables that might influence our data. 9. What steps could we take in our experimental design to control some of these variables? 10. Suggest a possible hypothesis for differences in heart rates and describe briefly how we might test this. Apply your knowledge: 11. The hormone calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland in to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. If this hormone is part of a negative feedback loop, what effect would calcitonin have on blood calcium levels? 4
The following is true of the cardiac catheterization A. Performed by passing a thin flexible tube over a guide wire into the left or right side of the heart B. It can only be cannulated through a large artery C. The cardiac catheterization can be done in a non-sterile fashion D. The cardiac catheterization is never performed through veins. Choose the correct answer
Descrive (in the correct order) the sequence of the blood flow through a four chambered mammalian heart. Be sure to address the following: 1. Begin with the return of oxygen poor blood from the body. 2. Describe the chemical O2/ CO2 and glucose content of the blood in the key locations. 3. Describe the machanisms that regulate the functioning of the system to maintain homeostasis.
3) Intravenously injection of calcium chloride solution caused the animal's heart to stop. Explain the mechanisms of the changes that led to heart stop.
Which of the following is a predicted outcome in a mammal heart that entirely lacks valves? A. Oxygenated and spent (deoxygenated) blood would mix. B. Cardiac output would be lower than that in a normal heart with valves. C. Heart rate would be lower compared with that in a normal heart with valves. D. A-V delay would be longer compared with that in a normal heart with valves. E. The pathways for blood flow to the body and the lungs would be reversed.
Discuss TWO (2) body surface electrodes that can record the bioelectric potential of the heart activity.
1. Normal Resting Heart Rate is between: a. 40-80 beats per minute. b. 60-80 beats per minute. c. 70-100 beats per minute R) c. 70-100 beats per minutes 2. To determine your age-predicted Maximum Heart Rate, we use the formula 220- a. Age. b. Weight. c. Height. d. None of the above R-a. Age 3. To determine your Target Heart Rate Range, we use the formula, Maximum Heart Rate X's a. X.2-X.5. b. X.4. X.6. c. X.6-X.8 4. Explain the proper way to WARM UP before your workout (any kind). and give me 2 examples 5. List Three types of Aerobic Activities 6. Explain what your Core means 7. In order to get cardiovascular fit you should stay in your target range for how long? 8. How many days a week should you exercise to get cardiovascular fit? 9. How do you increase muscle mass? 0+ O F7 A 5 - F5 6 F6 & 7 F8 8 F9 F10 O F11 EEE F12 S Insert
2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection, the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia; however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25 minutes after drug administration. a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why do both drugs still have similar durations of effect? b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics) c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect? Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles. d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to…
1. You are a lead engineer in a cGMP facility that develops and delivers tissue engineering constructs for tissue regeneration. You have been asked to develop an injectable tissue engineering solution for regenerating heart tissue following myocardial infarction. Describe an injectable tissue engineering solution to regenerate the damaged heart tissue by considering the following and give a brief explanation for your choices: 1) Bioreactor for examining tissue growth and integrity
Which of the following statements about Ca2+ handling in cardiac contractile cells is FALSE? a. One Ca2+ spark is sufficient to cause cross bridge cycling b. When Ca2+ ions flow out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and into the cytosol, they create a Ca2+ spark c. Ca2+ released from the SR provides ~80% of the Ca2+ needed for muscle contraction d. Summed Ca2+ sparks from different RyR channels create a Ca2+ signal sufficient to cause cross bridge cycling e. Ca2+ sparks can be visualised using biochemical methods
Answer the following showing your work: a) If the attenuation coefficient of the heart muscle anm the distance at which the signal amplitude of a 2-MHz ultrasound beam will be reduced by half traveling through heart muscle. b) You have two transducers available, a 25-MHz transducer and a 3-MHz transducer. Which transducer should you use to perform an echocardiogram, and why (show your work)? = 0.185 (cm MHz)-, calculate